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today , my name is Caroline Wilson and 

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I am the Director of community 

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engagement in the office of the 

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Assistant to the Secretary of Defense 

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for public Affairs , that's the whole 

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lot . Um This saturday marks the 20th 

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anniversary of the 9 11 attacks on the 

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pentagon and this year our goals are to 

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remember and to educate we 

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remember the lives lost in new york 

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city here in the pentagon and in 

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shanksville pennsylvania . We also 

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remember the pentagon survivors who are 

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still around to tell the stories and 

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these stories . Can these individuals 

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continue to work here today as part of 

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our goal to educate um We invited you 

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to hear a little about the story of 9 

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11 and the stories of two pentagon 

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survivors we have with us D . O . D . 

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Historian dr uh tom Lastman Where your 

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hand ? Doctor Lastman ? Great . And 

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then Pentagon survivor uh Colonel 

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retired robert Hoge who is the acting 

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assistant to the second , I'm sorry , 

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Acting Assistant Secretary of the Navy . 

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And then we have with us Pentagon 

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survivor , Miss cassandra johnson and 

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she is uh an Associate General Counsel 

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with the Department of the Army . So dr 

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Lastman , let me turn it over to you . 

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Okay , thank you very much , welcome 

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everybody . Glad that you're all here 

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as soon as I get my slides up on the 

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screen uh we'll 

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start mm 

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I hope Mhm I don't see slides , 

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hopefully the slides 

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just a moment . Yeah 

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okay , he's the slides are loading um 

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I've got some really good slides so 

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it's worth the wait . Mhm . We're 

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having a lot . 

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Mhm . Oh okay . 

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Yeah . Mhm . 

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Yeah . 

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Uh huh . Oh . 

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Uh huh . Okay . There we go . 

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Uh huh . Just need to get the full 

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screen . Yes . Okay . 

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The pentagon headquarters of the United 

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States military is the largest 

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government office building in the world 

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big enough to hold five U . S . Capitol 

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complex is all shown here On a typical 

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workday before the current pandemic . 

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Approximately 25,000 civilian and 

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military personnel reported to the 

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Pentagon for duty . Five concentric 

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rings labeled A through E . From the 

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inner to the outer . Most intersect 10 

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radial corridors that provide efficient 

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access to offices and hallways located 

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throughout the buildings . Five floors 

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slide to police . 

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Mm . Mhm . 

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Yeah . Yes . Have a slide to 

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please 

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thank you and is here you can see the 

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labeled rings , A . B . C . D . And E . 

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Um and then the numbered corridors in 

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this overhead view of the building May 

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have slide three please . As the 

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workday began on September 11 , 2001 , 

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exactly 60 years to the day after work 

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crews had broken ground for the 

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Pentagon news . The two Boeing 7 67 

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jetliners had that struck the north and 

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south towers of the World Trade Center 

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in new york city shocked the country . 

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May have slide for police Here is by 

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the way , a shot of construction on 

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September 15 , 1941 4 days after the 

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ground breaking the Pentagon , A third 

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aircraft american Airlines flight 77 

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had departed from nearby Dulles 

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International Airport at 8:20 a.m. 

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Bound for Los Angeles with 58 

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passengers and six crew members on 

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board . Slide five police . This is the 

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type of aircraft that took off that day 

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from Dulles Airport When it reached the 

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Ohio Valley , the hijacked Boeing 757 

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reversed course and turned back towards 

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Washington , now piloted by one of five 

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al Qaeda terrorists who had seized 

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control . Slide six , please . Nearing 

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the Pentagon , the al Qaeda pilot 

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lowered the aircraft altitude to about 

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2000 ft and increase the speed to 530 

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mph closer to the building . The 

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airliner dropped down to 150 ft low 

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enough to knock down light poles on 

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nearby Washington boulevard slide seven 

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please . Here is a schematic diagram 

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showing the flight path of the aircraft 

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as it approached the building . Slide 

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eight , please . And here is a ground 

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view showing it from behind what it 

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looked like as it Right at the impact 

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point , may have slide nine please . At 

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9:37 a.m. Flight 77 slammed into the 

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west side of the pentagon at the first 

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floor near the fourth corridor . The 

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front of the aircraft's fuselage 

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exploded on impact , but the midsection 

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and the tail penetrated the interior 

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splintering aircraft parts blasted 

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through the D ring , then punctured a 

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hole through the outer C ring wall . 

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They have slide 10 , please . 

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This is the outer C ring wall showing 

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the extent of this is the far point of 

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the aircraft is at the farthest point 

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it reached . May have slide 11 please . 

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And this again is the same shot . You 

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can see the hole on the right and this 

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is the access drive between the two 

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between corridors , B and C . The jet 

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fuel ignited in flames shot 200 ft into 

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the air while fireballs spread through 

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the building corridors , hallways and 

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offices , debris and flames spilled out 

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onto the service road between the C . 

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And D . Rings shown here , an uncovered 

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area that allowed flames and the 

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remaining force of the explosion to 

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escape and dissipate into the air , 

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leaving the B and A rings intact . The 

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jetliner had cut an 80-foot gash 

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through the Pentagon's exterior and 

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left a path of destruction longer than 

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a football field through three of its 

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rings . Slide 12 , police . And here 

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you can see the extent of the path of 

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the aircraft is once it entered the 

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building all the way up to Andy Driver , 

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that hole appeared unlike the world 

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trade centers to vertical skyscrapers . 

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The pentagon's expansive horizontal 

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design aided human efforts to contain 

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the damage and minimize casualties , 

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Most of the building remained intact . 

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It continued to function an urgent 

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priority necessary to maintain military 

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readiness . The damage and loss of life 

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likely would have been worse had the 

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airliner crashed into one of the 

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buildings other sections which lacked 

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the modern safety and structural 

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improvements built into wedge want The 

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recently named section that absorbed 

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the horrible impact , may have slide 13 

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please 

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here you can see the five wedges which 

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are color coded on near corridor four 

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is wedge one which I referred to And 

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then the other corridors . The other 

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four wedges are shown all the way 

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through wedge five nearly a decade 

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earlier in the early 19 nineties , work 

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had begun on a building wide renovation , 

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the first one undertaken since the 

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pentagon opened in 1943 engineers had 

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divided the building into five numbered 

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sections called wedges shown here , 

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each one to be upgraded in a sequential 

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clockwise direction . On september 10th , 

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2000 and 11 day before the attack , 

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Nearly 4000 military and civilian 

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personnel had settled back into their 

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workplace routines in the just 

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completed and thoroughly modernized 

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wedge one . The impact zone May have 

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slide 14 please . After the impact , 

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the new sprinkler system and wedge one 

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sprang into action to contain the fires 

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while the steel reinforced outer walls 

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help stabilize areas near the crash 

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site long enough for those inside to 

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escape the new blast resistant windows 

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in the outer E ring held to shielding 

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occupants from deadly shards of flying 

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glass and preventing outside air from 

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rushing inside to fuel the fires their 

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resiliency however , also limited 

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access and escape routes after the 

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impact victims trapped inside and 

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firefighters in search of more points 

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of entry to douse the flames struggled 

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to break the glass . Then conditions 

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worsened . 30 minutes after the 

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airliner hit the building , The ring 

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collapsed from the 5th Down through the 

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second floors , leaving a gaping hole 

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about 95 ft across and 50 ft deep . 

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Slide 15 please . 

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And here you can see the collapse 

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section of the wall . Secretary of 

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Defense Donald Rumsfeld , who had been 

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in the third floor earring office when 

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flight 77 hit the building , made his 

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way outside , then headed toward the 

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billowing black smoke . He paused long 

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enough to help rescue crews lift 

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victims onto stretchers before he 

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returned to his office to confer with 

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the President Slide 16 , Please . 

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Here you can see secretary Rumsfeld 3rd 

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from the right , helping other rescuers 

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carry victims to safety In the 

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Pentagon's building operations and 

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command senator monitor boards showed 

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more than 300 Act 350 activated fire 

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alarms . The heating and refrigeration 

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plant nearby also reported a 

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significant drop in water pressure , an 

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ominous sign for firefighters on their 

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way to the scene of the explosion and 

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resulting damage had severed utility 

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lines , allowing water to gush from 

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broken pipes . Low water pressure also 

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risk disabling the air conditioning 

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system , putting vital computer and 

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communications equipment at risk 

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building personnel scrambled to keep 

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the heating and refrigeration units 

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running and cut power to electrical 

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volts near the crash site to allow 

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rescue crews to pull victims to safety 

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without the additional threat of 

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electrocution . The pentagon continued 

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to operate to maintain military 

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readiness but did so under severely 

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adverse conditions as thick smoke 

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filled hallways , corridors and offices . 

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At a press conference in on the evening 

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of the attack , Secretary Rumsfeld 

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conveyed a clear message to the 

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american . People quote , the pentagon 

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is functioning , it will be in business 

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tomorrow , end , quote the next morning , 

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more than 10,000 employees converged on 

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the smoldering building to resume their 

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work , either in shared office spaces 

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or temporary swing spaces . Nearby work 

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crews brought in to rebuild wedge one 

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and complete the building . Wide 

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renovation still faced a daunting task . 

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Twisted metal , shattered glass and 

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broken concrete covered nearly half a 

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million square feet at the impact zone . 

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Beyond the physical destruction . More 

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than three times that area stood coated 

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with greasy black soot Slide Slide 17 

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Please . 

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And here you can see the extent of the 

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damage Of course to the green is the 

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impact zone and then the resulting fire 

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damage uh , and also caused by water 

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and so on , eager to begin . Workers 

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favored a tight schedule that promised 

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to put Defense Department employees 

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back into the rehabilitated and fully 

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functional outer ring by september 11th 

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2000 and two , exactly one year after 

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the attack Demolition at the crash site 

278
00:11:47,553 --> 00:11:49,776
began five weeks after the attack crews 

279
00:11:49,776 --> 00:11:51,942
worked around the clock , seven days a 

280
00:11:51,942 --> 00:11:53,942
week to remove rubble and strip all 

281
00:11:53,942 --> 00:11:56,053
that remained of wedge one While dump 

282
00:11:56,053 --> 00:11:57,942
trucks hauled away 56,000 tons of 

283
00:11:57,942 --> 00:12:00,053
debris work that normally took months 

284
00:12:00,053 --> 00:12:02,109
to complete proceeded much faster as 

285
00:12:02,109 --> 00:12:04,164
crews push themselves to the limit . 

286
00:12:04,164 --> 00:12:06,387
One of the site managers explained that 

287
00:12:06,387 --> 00:12:08,609
just like a phoenix , the mythical bird 

288
00:12:08,609 --> 00:12:10,664
that rises from the ashes . So too , 

289
00:12:10,664 --> 00:12:12,887
with the pentagon , the phoenix project 

290
00:12:12,887 --> 00:12:14,942
as it came to be known , adopted the 

291
00:12:14,942 --> 00:12:17,053
slogan quote , Let's roll end quote . 

292
00:12:17,053 --> 00:12:17,000
The words spoken by one of the 

293
00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:19,000
passengers on board hijacked United 

294
00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:20,944
Airlines flight 93 that crashed in 

295
00:12:20,944 --> 00:12:23,050
shanksville pennsylvania . Soon 

296
00:12:23,050 --> 00:12:24,994
pentagon construction workers wore 

297
00:12:24,994 --> 00:12:26,994
phoenix project jackets and adorned 

298
00:12:26,994 --> 00:12:29,050
their hard hats with phoenix project 

299
00:12:29,050 --> 00:12:32,370
stickers You have slide 18 please As 

300
00:12:32,370 --> 00:12:34,426
twisted metal and shattered concrete 

301
00:12:34,426 --> 00:12:36,537
gave way to clean lines in a pristine 

302
00:12:36,537 --> 00:12:38,648
look . Two separate events marked key 

303
00:12:38,648 --> 00:12:40,481
milestones in the reconstruction 

304
00:12:40,481 --> 00:12:42,648
program . In April 2002 , construction 

305
00:12:42,648 --> 00:12:44,648
workers helped held two topping off 

306
00:12:44,648 --> 00:12:46,870
ceremony to celebrate the completion of 

307
00:12:46,870 --> 00:12:48,926
the concrete work . First responders 

308
00:12:48,926 --> 00:12:51,037
invited back to the Pentagon , joined 

309
00:12:51,037 --> 00:12:53,314
them to mark the occasion . On June 11 , 

310
00:12:53,314 --> 00:12:55,370
workers carefully placed the last of 

311
00:12:55,370 --> 00:12:57,537
4000 blocks of limestone facing on the 

312
00:12:57,537 --> 00:12:59,759
building's exterior . The final piece , 

313
00:12:59,759 --> 00:13:01,703
a chart fragment that survived the 

314
00:13:01,703 --> 00:13:03,426
attack had been inscribed with 

315
00:13:03,426 --> 00:13:06,230
September 11 , 2001 sealed inside the 

316
00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:08,090
wall behind it . A time capsule 

317
00:13:08,090 --> 00:13:10,201
included letters from school Children 

318
00:13:10,201 --> 00:13:12,423
patches and badges from police and fire 

319
00:13:12,423 --> 00:13:14,368
personnel who had responded to the 

320
00:13:14,368 --> 00:13:16,700
attack . A phoenix project patch and a 

321
00:13:16,700 --> 00:13:18,867
bronze box containing the names of the 

322
00:13:18,867 --> 00:13:21,320
184 victims . The black and limestone 

323
00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:23,431
panel is the only exterior remnant of 

324
00:13:23,431 --> 00:13:25,598
the damage sustained on September 11 . 

325
00:13:25,740 --> 00:13:29,460
They have slide 19 please , 20 years on 

326
00:13:29,460 --> 00:13:32,440
the memories of September 11 , 2001 

327
00:13:32,440 --> 00:13:34,620
still linger grieving families , 

328
00:13:34,620 --> 00:13:36,398
military personnel and civilian 

329
00:13:36,398 --> 00:13:38,453
employees continue to pay tribute to 

330
00:13:38,453 --> 00:13:40,453
those who died through a compelling 

331
00:13:40,453 --> 00:13:42,620
memorial built on the pentagon grounds 

332
00:13:42,620 --> 00:13:44,620
after the attack . Family members , 

333
00:13:44,620 --> 00:13:46,787
friends of the victims and visitors to 

334
00:13:46,787 --> 00:13:49,120
the pentagon left letters , photographs , 

335
00:13:49,120 --> 00:13:51,231
teddy bears , an american flags and a 

336
00:13:51,231 --> 00:13:51,060
makeshift memorial near the crash site . 

337
00:13:51,940 --> 00:13:53,996
Plans for a more permanent tribute . 

338
00:13:53,996 --> 00:13:56,107
Also got underway . Two acres of land 

339
00:13:56,107 --> 00:13:58,218
outside the pentagon's west wall near 

340
00:13:58,218 --> 00:14:00,273
flight 77 point of impact serve as a 

341
00:14:00,273 --> 00:14:02,162
memorial site . May have slide 20 

342
00:14:02,162 --> 00:14:05,580
please . The memorial itself features 

343
00:14:05,580 --> 00:14:08,660
184 cantilever cast aluminum benches 

344
00:14:08,660 --> 00:14:11,280
shown here inscribed with each victim's 

345
00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:13,280
name set above their own reflecting 

346
00:14:13,280 --> 00:14:15,130
pools and lit from below . The 

347
00:14:15,130 --> 00:14:17,019
architects arranged the benches , 

348
00:14:17,019 --> 00:14:19,220
benches in lines according to each 

349
00:14:19,220 --> 00:14:21,109
victim's year of birth , from the 

350
00:14:21,109 --> 00:14:23,331
youngest to the oldest and in a pattern 

351
00:14:23,331 --> 00:14:26,000
that marks the path of Flight 77 . The 

352
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:28,222
benches are oriented such that visitors 

353
00:14:28,222 --> 00:14:30,444
who read the names of the 59 victims on 

354
00:14:30,444 --> 00:14:32,333
board the aircraft always look up 

355
00:14:32,333 --> 00:14:34,389
towards the sky . Likewise , for the 

356
00:14:34,389 --> 00:14:36,444
victims who worked in the pentagon , 

357
00:14:36,444 --> 00:14:38,611
the visitors view always tracks to the 

358
00:14:38,611 --> 00:14:40,833
building . A wall along the edge of the 

359
00:14:40,833 --> 00:14:40,550
memorial begins at a height of three 

360
00:14:40,550 --> 00:14:43,000
inches in memory of three year old dana 

361
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:46,060
Falkenberg and rises to 71 inches at 

362
00:14:46,060 --> 00:14:48,171
the other end for the oldest victim , 

363
00:14:48,171 --> 00:14:51,460
71 year old john Nicky 85 Maple trees 

364
00:14:51,460 --> 00:14:53,293
add to the serenity of the space 

365
00:14:53,293 --> 00:14:55,238
culminating in a moving tribute to 

366
00:14:55,238 --> 00:14:57,460
those who perished on that Tragic Day . 

367
00:14:57,460 --> 00:14:57,450
Thank you 

368
00:15:03,540 --> 00:15:07,280
to me . Okay . To me 

369
00:15:07,290 --> 00:15:10,910
from you . Yeah , great . Thank you so 

370
00:15:10,910 --> 00:15:13,360
much . Doctor last men for that brief 

371
00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:16,260
his history of uh the attack on the 

372
00:15:16,260 --> 00:15:19,160
pentagon . Um , I am going to now turn 

373
00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:22,630
it over to miss cassandra johnson . Um , 

374
00:15:22,630 --> 00:15:24,852
ma'am . Would you please share a bit of 

375
00:15:24,852 --> 00:15:26,860
your story as a survivor that day ? 

376
00:15:27,740 --> 00:15:29,670
Sure . And thank you for this 

377
00:15:29,670 --> 00:15:33,220
opportunity to talk to directly to each 

378
00:15:33,220 --> 00:15:35,890
of you because this is a day that if 

379
00:15:35,890 --> 00:15:38,057
you didn't live through it , it's hard 

380
00:15:38,057 --> 00:15:41,140
to imagine the horrors of the day 

381
00:15:41,150 --> 00:15:43,360
whether you were at the near the new 

382
00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:46,060
york site or watching it the pentagon 

383
00:15:46,070 --> 00:15:48,910
or shanksville . And I have to say , uh , 

384
00:15:48,920 --> 00:15:51,320
end of May , I did make a trip with my 

385
00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:53,700
husband to shanksville pennsylvania and 

386
00:15:53,700 --> 00:15:55,811
it's very moving . I encourage all of 

387
00:15:55,811 --> 00:15:58,760
you to go there and see that site . Um , 

388
00:15:58,770 --> 00:16:02,710
they did a great tribute . Um , so 

389
00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:06,720
on that day and it couldn't have been a 

390
00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:10,140
more beautiful blue 

391
00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:13,620
sky , Cloudless sky . It was gorgeous , 

392
00:16:13,630 --> 00:16:16,520
Just completely crisp and everything . 

393
00:16:16,520 --> 00:16:20,360
Just a nice day . And As everybody else 

394
00:16:20,360 --> 00:16:22,582
in the building , 25,000 of us , I went 

395
00:16:22,582 --> 00:16:25,380
to work that day . Um , didn't seem 

396
00:16:25,380 --> 00:16:27,920
like any other anything special about 

397
00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:29,753
the day . I had several meetings 

398
00:16:29,753 --> 00:16:31,940
scheduled and one of them was to be . 

399
00:16:31,950 --> 00:16:35,200
Uh in a meeting with my operations and 

400
00:16:35,200 --> 00:16:37,033
personnel group from the general 

401
00:16:37,033 --> 00:16:39,290
counsel's office . We proceeded to meet 

402
00:16:39,290 --> 00:16:41,457
in our what we call the front office . 

403
00:16:41,457 --> 00:16:44,240
Um So we could have a meeting And I 

404
00:16:44,240 --> 00:16:47,550
remember our secretary at that time . 

405
00:16:47,560 --> 00:16:49,449
She came in a little bit late are 

406
00:16:49,449 --> 00:16:52,270
meeting started at 9:00 PMclock and she 

407
00:16:52,270 --> 00:16:55,360
said you know a plane hit uh 

408
00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:58,373
one of the World Trade Center buildings . 

409
00:16:58,373 --> 00:17:00,373
And we all looked at each other and 

410
00:17:00,373 --> 00:17:02,540
said it was cloudy was it some kind of 

411
00:17:02,540 --> 00:17:05,490
pilot error ? Um We just didn't know 

412
00:17:05,490 --> 00:17:07,760
what you know how to react . And we 

413
00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:10,470
just continued with our meeting a few 

414
00:17:10,470 --> 00:17:12,650
minutes later there's a knock on the 

415
00:17:12,650 --> 00:17:15,690
door and someone came in and wanted to 

416
00:17:15,690 --> 00:17:17,690
talk to my supervisor . And at that 

417
00:17:17,690 --> 00:17:20,990
time and you may have heard after 9 11 

418
00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:24,200
all of the functions that deal with 

419
00:17:24,210 --> 00:17:28,050
working with the civil authorities and 

420
00:17:28,050 --> 00:17:31,780
the D . O . D . Um uh the pentagon 

421
00:17:31,790 --> 00:17:35,120
um were held really within D . O . D . 

422
00:17:35,130 --> 00:17:38,430
And my supervisor was an advisor to the 

423
00:17:38,430 --> 00:17:41,170
civilian authorities for legal issues . 

424
00:17:41,540 --> 00:17:43,762
And so I got a knock on the door . They 

425
00:17:43,762 --> 00:17:46,730
wanted to talk to him and he said you 

426
00:17:46,730 --> 00:17:48,897
know he's in the middle of a meeting . 

427
00:17:48,897 --> 00:17:50,952
They whispered something to him . He 

428
00:17:50,952 --> 00:17:53,008
came back to our meeting few minutes 

429
00:17:53,008 --> 00:17:55,174
later another knock on the door and my 

430
00:17:55,174 --> 00:17:57,420
supervisor asked one of my colleagues 

431
00:17:57,420 --> 00:17:59,587
to go to the door and see what's going 

432
00:17:59,587 --> 00:18:01,920
on . She went to the door , came back , 

433
00:18:01,920 --> 00:18:04,540
whispered something in his ear . We had 

434
00:18:04,540 --> 00:18:07,540
no idea what was being said . And we 

435
00:18:07,540 --> 00:18:09,484
had a meeting for about another 10 

436
00:18:09,484 --> 00:18:11,830
minutes or so and he dismissed us to go 

437
00:18:11,830 --> 00:18:14,790
back to our desk and we as we're 

438
00:18:14,790 --> 00:18:17,320
walking out of the office we are front 

439
00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:19,598
office had a big T . V . And the T . V . 

440
00:18:19,598 --> 00:18:22,990
Was set up . And as we're walking past 

441
00:18:22,990 --> 00:18:26,960
the tv we saw President Bush um 

442
00:18:26,970 --> 00:18:30,080
on the stage at the school and someone 

443
00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:31,913
had just come over and whispered 

444
00:18:31,913 --> 00:18:34,136
something to him , didn't know what was 

445
00:18:34,136 --> 00:18:37,160
going on , continued back to my desk 

446
00:18:37,740 --> 00:18:40,720
um started returning some phone calls 

447
00:18:40,730 --> 00:18:43,390
and I didn't feel the building shake or 

448
00:18:43,390 --> 00:18:45,780
anything like that . But I did hear a 

449
00:18:45,780 --> 00:18:49,180
very light like a like a like a pop 

450
00:18:49,180 --> 00:18:51,820
almost and that was about it . So I'm 

451
00:18:51,820 --> 00:18:54,300
sitting at my desk busy and next thing 

452
00:18:54,300 --> 00:18:56,720
I know our executive officer comes by 

453
00:18:56,720 --> 00:18:59,860
very calmly and says can you all just 

454
00:18:59,870 --> 00:19:01,981
pick up your belongings , your purses 

455
00:19:01,981 --> 00:19:04,510
whatever . Just leave the building 

456
00:19:04,520 --> 00:19:06,960
let's leave quietly . And I remember 

457
00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:08,849
putting my hands down on the desk 

458
00:19:08,849 --> 00:19:11,127
saying I've got nothing to worry about . 

459
00:19:11,127 --> 00:19:14,370
I'm in the pentagon I'm safe here and 

460
00:19:14,380 --> 00:19:17,570
got up , grabbed my purse , walked out 

461
00:19:17,580 --> 00:19:20,460
and then proceeded as dr houseman 

462
00:19:20,470 --> 00:19:24,270
showed you the corridors of going from 

463
00:19:24,270 --> 00:19:27,340
the ring to the a ring and we emptied 

464
00:19:27,340 --> 00:19:29,520
out pretty much all my office to the 

465
00:19:29,530 --> 00:19:31,697
ring and I looked out the window and I 

466
00:19:31,697 --> 00:19:34,020
saw this big bello of smoke . I had no 

467
00:19:34,020 --> 00:19:36,076
idea what that was . I'm like , oh , 

468
00:19:36,076 --> 00:19:38,020
must be the outer buildings at the 

469
00:19:38,020 --> 00:19:41,170
pentagon . So we proceeded very calmly . 

470
00:19:41,740 --> 00:19:44,420
25 people , if you can imagine just 

471
00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:47,650
emptying out . And we came out into 

472
00:19:47,660 --> 00:19:50,430
what is the south parking lot at that 

473
00:19:50,430 --> 00:19:53,550
moment . I know I went into shock 

474
00:19:53,940 --> 00:19:56,800
and what I saw was the only way I could 

475
00:19:56,800 --> 00:19:58,870
describe it was you hear people talk 

476
00:19:58,870 --> 00:20:02,860
about an out of body experience . I was 

477
00:20:02,860 --> 00:20:05,910
witnessing what I thought in my mind 

478
00:20:05,910 --> 00:20:09,910
was a Bruce Willis one of those meet 

479
00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:12,610
one of those movies that were very big 

480
00:20:12,620 --> 00:20:16,610
back then , where you saw police 

481
00:20:16,610 --> 00:20:19,430
cars screeching by fire trucks , 

482
00:20:19,440 --> 00:20:22,940
helicopters overhead . The smoke just 

483
00:20:22,940 --> 00:20:25,750
behind that beautiful blue sky and the 

484
00:20:25,750 --> 00:20:27,750
whiteness , gray , whiteness of the 

485
00:20:27,750 --> 00:20:31,280
building and people running toward us 

486
00:20:31,300 --> 00:20:33,690
saying is any asking is anybody there 

487
00:20:33,690 --> 00:20:36,110
with medical assistance ? None of us 

488
00:20:36,110 --> 00:20:38,221
did . We were attorneys . We had some 

489
00:20:38,221 --> 00:20:40,388
public affairs people that had kind of 

490
00:20:40,388 --> 00:20:43,640
gathered with us and it was total 

491
00:20:43,640 --> 00:20:46,450
chaos and we looked , I looked behind 

492
00:20:46,450 --> 00:20:49,290
me and 3 95 if those of you who are 

493
00:20:49,290 --> 00:20:51,730
familiar with this Pentagon area and 

494
00:20:51,730 --> 00:20:54,990
the Pentagon City was literally a 

495
00:20:54,990 --> 00:20:57,101
parking lot . And again , it was like 

496
00:20:57,101 --> 00:20:59,212
those disaster movies where everybody 

497
00:20:59,212 --> 00:21:01,268
gets into their car to get away from 

498
00:21:01,268 --> 00:21:03,460
whatever is going on , the threatening 

499
00:21:03,460 --> 00:21:06,730
situation and people were going nowhere 

500
00:21:06,740 --> 00:21:10,610
fast . Just total parking lot as 

501
00:21:10,740 --> 00:21:12,907
I'm trying to absorb all this , we all 

502
00:21:12,907 --> 00:21:15,440
are a police officer came running 

503
00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:17,500
toward us in the parking lot and he 

504
00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:21,420
said , get away from the building as 

505
00:21:21,420 --> 00:21:24,790
fast as you can . There is a rogue 

506
00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:28,610
plane coming this way . And in 

507
00:21:28,610 --> 00:21:31,890
my mind I was like pentagon , 

508
00:21:32,740 --> 00:21:35,090
I don't know what that meant , but all 

509
00:21:35,090 --> 00:21:37,220
we knew was get away from the parking 

510
00:21:37,220 --> 00:21:39,190
lot . We turned around and started 

511
00:21:39,190 --> 00:21:41,660
walking toward Pentagon city . In the 

512
00:21:41,660 --> 00:21:44,300
meantime , the press had started coming . 

513
00:21:44,760 --> 00:21:46,927
The news had gone out from not only in 

514
00:21:46,927 --> 00:21:49,149
new york , but what had happened to the 

515
00:21:49,149 --> 00:21:51,260
pentagon . The press was all over the 

516
00:21:51,260 --> 00:21:53,204
ground . They had no idea what was 

517
00:21:53,204 --> 00:21:55,316
going on . They were asking us and we 

518
00:21:55,316 --> 00:21:59,030
heard the rumors where the 

519
00:21:59,040 --> 00:22:02,990
white house had been hit . The capital 

520
00:22:02,990 --> 00:22:05,440
had been hit . The old executive office 

521
00:22:05,440 --> 00:22:08,480
building had been hit and in my case my 

522
00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:11,730
husband was a lobbyist for a business 

523
00:22:11,730 --> 00:22:14,380
group and that is where he spent his 

524
00:22:14,380 --> 00:22:16,730
day . If it wasn't the old Executive 

525
00:22:16,730 --> 00:22:18,952
office building , it was Capitol hill . 

526
00:22:18,952 --> 00:22:21,063
So I had no idea where he was , if he 

527
00:22:21,063 --> 00:22:24,790
was safe or what . And I left my car 

528
00:22:24,790 --> 00:22:26,846
behind at the pentagon parking lot . 

529
00:22:26,846 --> 00:22:29,340
Didn't care if it was burning blown up . 

530
00:22:29,350 --> 00:22:31,517
I had no idea . I didn't care . I just 

531
00:22:31,517 --> 00:22:33,239
needed to get home . One of my 

532
00:22:33,239 --> 00:22:36,030
colleagues uh , park the car at shady 

533
00:22:36,030 --> 00:22:39,850
grove , uh , uh , metro station 

534
00:22:39,860 --> 00:22:42,380
and uh , took a ride with her on the 

535
00:22:42,390 --> 00:22:44,740
subway so she could drive me home . I 

536
00:22:44,740 --> 00:22:46,684
remember thinking to myself as I'm 

537
00:22:46,684 --> 00:22:48,740
getting in the subway car which goes 

538
00:22:48,740 --> 00:22:51,040
underground , Washington D . C . As 

539
00:22:51,040 --> 00:22:54,760
like if Washington D . C . Above 

540
00:22:54,770 --> 00:22:57,580
is burning has collapsed and I'm caught 

541
00:22:57,580 --> 00:22:59,580
in the middle underground . I don't 

542
00:22:59,580 --> 00:23:02,670
care . That's what God wanted to have 

543
00:23:02,670 --> 00:23:05,110
happened to me . We finally got out 

544
00:23:05,120 --> 00:23:07,240
from under out the subway underground 

545
00:23:07,250 --> 00:23:10,830
out to the Bethesda area and I called 

546
00:23:10,900 --> 00:23:13,190
as soon as I got home it was about two 

547
00:23:13,190 --> 00:23:15,246
o'clock in the afternoon . Of course 

548
00:23:15,246 --> 00:23:17,079
this had happened at 9 37 in the 

549
00:23:17,079 --> 00:23:20,800
morning And I called my colleague who 

550
00:23:20,810 --> 00:23:23,580
had um I had replaced when I came to 

551
00:23:23,580 --> 00:23:25,680
the pentagon . He retired the end of 

552
00:23:25,690 --> 00:23:29,500
April 2001 known him for 15 years 

553
00:23:29,500 --> 00:23:32,360
before that . And I was hired to 

554
00:23:32,360 --> 00:23:34,780
replace him in the office . And I 

555
00:23:34,780 --> 00:23:37,260
called his home and I said Ernie 

556
00:23:38,340 --> 00:23:41,300
um we all got out of the pentagon . 

557
00:23:41,310 --> 00:23:44,770
We're all safe of stories to tell . 

558
00:23:44,780 --> 00:23:48,540
I'll call you tonight . Well that phone 

559
00:23:48,540 --> 00:23:52,100
call became a very important connection 

560
00:23:52,100 --> 00:23:56,060
with his family because my colleague , 

561
00:23:56,440 --> 00:24:00,410
mentor friend for years Was 

562
00:24:00,410 --> 00:24:03,420
in a meeting that he had told me about 

563
00:24:03,430 --> 00:24:07,100
just a few days before 9:11 . And he 

564
00:24:07,100 --> 00:24:09,120
wanted to have three people from my 

565
00:24:09,120 --> 00:24:11,287
office including myself at the meeting 

566
00:24:11,287 --> 00:24:13,398
with him and they were going to brief 

567
00:24:13,398 --> 00:24:15,800
general mod who was our three star 

568
00:24:15,810 --> 00:24:18,570
deputy Chief of Staff for personnel on 

569
00:24:18,570 --> 00:24:20,792
automating military personal benefits . 

570
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:24,140
And within a few years my portfolio was 

571
00:24:24,140 --> 00:24:27,030
civilian personnel law . They were 

572
00:24:27,030 --> 00:24:28,808
gonna do the civilian personnel 

573
00:24:28,808 --> 00:24:30,890
benefits . And he wanted us at the 

574
00:24:30,890 --> 00:24:33,112
meeting and he goes , I'll let you know 

575
00:24:33,112 --> 00:24:36,520
when the meeting is well . But for the 

576
00:24:36,530 --> 00:24:38,752
grace of God , I would have been in the 

577
00:24:38,752 --> 00:24:41,230
meeting that he was in because the 

578
00:24:41,230 --> 00:24:45,150
plane literally came in To the meeting 

579
00:24:45,150 --> 00:24:47,820
area on the 4th corridor , 4th and 5th 

580
00:24:47,820 --> 00:24:50,990
corridor . Uh everybody in the meeting 

581
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:54,400
perished . Uh that night I saw 

582
00:24:54,400 --> 00:24:56,511
President Bush at 8:30 . He addressed 

583
00:24:56,511 --> 00:24:59,500
the nation . I was still trying to wrap 

584
00:24:59,500 --> 00:25:01,500
my brain around what had happened , 

585
00:25:01,500 --> 00:25:03,667
probably seeing the World Trade Center 

586
00:25:03,667 --> 00:25:06,940
collapsed 5060 times . And I got a 

587
00:25:06,940 --> 00:25:10,200
phone call about 10:00 and it was 

588
00:25:10,210 --> 00:25:12,210
Shirley Wilshire , Ernie Wilshire's 

589
00:25:12,210 --> 00:25:15,880
wife . And she said , I said how are 

590
00:25:15,880 --> 00:25:18,870
you doing fine ? Where's Ernie ? She 

591
00:25:18,870 --> 00:25:21,680
said not here . I said where is he ? 10 

592
00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:23,847
o'clock at night ? And she said he was 

593
00:25:23,847 --> 00:25:27,310
a ground zero when she said that I knew 

594
00:25:27,310 --> 00:25:30,770
immediately what that meant . He was at 

595
00:25:30,780 --> 00:25:34,380
the meeting and had been killed . And 

596
00:25:34,380 --> 00:25:37,340
she explained to me that my phone call 

597
00:25:37,350 --> 00:25:39,572
at about three o'clock in the afternoon 

598
00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:42,560
when she heard it . And she said 

599
00:25:42,750 --> 00:25:46,330
cassandra , within the pentagon is home 

600
00:25:46,340 --> 00:25:50,100
safe now calling , where is Ernie ? He 

601
00:25:50,110 --> 00:25:52,530
does not work in the pentagon . She had 

602
00:25:52,530 --> 00:25:54,641
no idea about his meetings that day . 

603
00:25:55,140 --> 00:25:58,570
And um she said my phone call prepared 

604
00:25:58,570 --> 00:26:01,960
her and her two sons for the 

605
00:26:02,740 --> 00:26:05,550
Visit . That booz Allen Hamilton gave 

606
00:26:05,550 --> 00:26:08,250
her at about 9:00 that night to tell 

607
00:26:08,250 --> 00:26:10,490
her that Ernie was in the meeting and 

608
00:26:10,490 --> 00:26:14,420
had perished . So um for 

609
00:26:14,420 --> 00:26:16,650
those of us who lived through it , even 

610
00:26:16,650 --> 00:26:19,020
my kids , we all remember where we were . 

611
00:26:19,150 --> 00:26:22,860
It was tragedy numbness , all those 

612
00:26:22,870 --> 00:26:25,980
awful feelings . And that's my 

613
00:26:25,980 --> 00:26:28,920
connection to 9 11 . And not a day goes 

614
00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:31,020
by when I come into the pentagon . I 

615
00:26:31,020 --> 00:26:33,470
have a a little thing that was being 

616
00:26:33,470 --> 00:26:36,390
passed out to each of us that some of 

617
00:26:36,390 --> 00:26:38,112
our senior leaders came by and 

618
00:26:38,112 --> 00:26:40,340
personally saw to see if we were okay 

619
00:26:40,340 --> 00:26:44,280
the next that day a few days later and 

620
00:26:44,290 --> 00:26:46,630
I still have it at my desk and that's 

621
00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:48,600
my connection to Ernie . And we're 

622
00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:50,640
honoring him tomorrow at a special 

623
00:26:50,640 --> 00:26:52,640
ceremony where we're dedicating our 

624
00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:55,530
conference room in his memory . General 

625
00:26:55,530 --> 00:26:59,000
Counsel's office . Thank you . Thank 

626
00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:02,380
you Miss johnson for sharing your story . 

627
00:27:02,390 --> 00:27:05,760
Uh Colonel Retired . Mr bobby Hogue . 

628
00:27:07,240 --> 00:27:10,130
So good . Good morning . Good afternoon 

629
00:27:10,130 --> 00:27:12,297
everybody . And thanks for giving us a 

630
00:27:12,297 --> 00:27:14,297
chance to talk to you . Happy to be 

631
00:27:14,297 --> 00:27:16,519
here with dr Lastman and Miss johnson . 

632
00:27:16,519 --> 00:27:19,060
Very important topic . I'll try to be 

633
00:27:19,060 --> 00:27:21,440
brief because I think the most value 

634
00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:23,440
that we can get out of this is just 

635
00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:25,496
hearing from you what your questions 

636
00:27:25,496 --> 00:27:29,230
are trying to respond to those . Um So 

637
00:27:29,240 --> 00:27:32,330
my day started out much as uh Sanders 

638
00:27:32,330 --> 00:27:34,520
did . I had , I was at the time . The 

639
00:27:34,520 --> 00:27:36,576
deputy counsel for the commandant of 

640
00:27:36,576 --> 00:27:38,687
the Marine Corps , A senior executive 

641
00:27:38,687 --> 00:27:40,990
on the Marine Corps staff is seen in 

642
00:27:40,990 --> 00:27:42,879
the Marine Corps has a very small 

643
00:27:42,879 --> 00:27:45,990
senior executive cadre , Only two SCS 

644
00:27:46,530 --> 00:27:49,140
lawyers myself as the deputy of my boss , 

645
00:27:49,140 --> 00:27:51,362
Mr Peter Murphy , who was the council . 

646
00:27:51,362 --> 00:27:53,900
And if you know anything about the 

647
00:27:53,900 --> 00:27:56,122
Marine Corps , it's just these are just 

648
00:27:56,122 --> 00:27:58,233
very demanding jobs . That particular 

649
00:27:58,233 --> 00:28:01,590
day I had a 6 30 breakfast with a four 

650
00:28:01,590 --> 00:28:04,580
star up at the Navy annex which is just 

651
00:28:04,580 --> 00:28:06,802
up the hill , one of the buildings that 

652
00:28:06,802 --> 00:28:08,913
the plane had to pass on its way into 

653
00:28:08,913 --> 00:28:10,913
the pentagon . That was a breakfast 

654
00:28:10,913 --> 00:28:13,136
meeting was over about , I don't know , 

655
00:28:13,136 --> 00:28:15,024
7:15 or so I came down the hill , 

656
00:28:15,024 --> 00:28:17,191
walked into my boss's office and uh at 

657
00:28:17,191 --> 00:28:19,490
that point the pictures out of new york 

658
00:28:19,490 --> 00:28:22,170
were already on the television . Um 

659
00:28:23,640 --> 00:28:25,418
I'll just share that . My first 

660
00:28:25,418 --> 00:28:27,640
impression when I saw the photos out of 

661
00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:30,860
new york was wow uh how did he manage 

662
00:28:30,860 --> 00:28:32,971
to hit the building ? You know , it's 

663
00:28:32,971 --> 00:28:35,280
just a complete reversal of what was 

664
00:28:35,280 --> 00:28:37,440
happening , but your mind tries to 

665
00:28:37,690 --> 00:28:40,720
impose order on what it sees and create 

666
00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:44,210
reason . Uh Obviously I was a bit wrong 

667
00:28:44,210 --> 00:28:46,432
there on the Deputy counsel . My job is 

668
00:28:46,432 --> 00:28:48,510
to run the office . Uh I start 

669
00:28:48,520 --> 00:28:51,740
organizing the day we had meeting set 

670
00:28:51,750 --> 00:28:54,640
much as Miss johnson described about . 

671
00:28:54,650 --> 00:28:56,610
It seems to me and my memories 

672
00:28:56,610 --> 00:28:58,610
imperfect on this , but just before 

673
00:28:58,610 --> 00:29:01,210
nine o'clock I was in the boss's office 

674
00:29:01,210 --> 00:29:04,860
again and looking at the tv and 

675
00:29:04,870 --> 00:29:08,130
the second plane flew into site , hit 

676
00:29:08,130 --> 00:29:10,510
the second building and my first 

677
00:29:10,510 --> 00:29:14,340
thought was wow lucky they got that on 

678
00:29:14,340 --> 00:29:17,050
video . I mean , you know , I mean just 

679
00:29:17,060 --> 00:29:19,282
one of those weird things , right ? The 

680
00:29:19,282 --> 00:29:21,338
camera was in the right place at the 

681
00:29:21,338 --> 00:29:23,504
right time and it's a very , I think a 

682
00:29:23,504 --> 00:29:25,727
shot that we've all seen taken from the 

683
00:29:25,727 --> 00:29:27,782
top of a skyscraper somewhere in new 

684
00:29:27,782 --> 00:29:29,838
york , looking out at the two towers 

685
00:29:29,838 --> 00:29:31,949
and when they replayed it , you could 

686
00:29:31,949 --> 00:29:34,116
see the plane coming in from the right 

687
00:29:34,116 --> 00:29:33,790
hand side , back into the building . 

688
00:29:33,790 --> 00:29:37,730
And then I realized holy , that's the 

689
00:29:37,730 --> 00:29:41,710
second building and then we're a nation 

690
00:29:41,710 --> 00:29:45,050
at war and we work in the National 

691
00:29:45,050 --> 00:29:48,650
Military Command Center . Um oh my 

692
00:29:48,650 --> 00:29:52,050
God , this is D day , we have to now , 

693
00:29:52,050 --> 00:29:54,383
what do we do ? We have to do something . 

694
00:29:54,383 --> 00:29:57,380
So we immediately try to jump into the 

695
00:29:57,380 --> 00:30:00,480
next mindset , get ourselves on a 

696
00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:02,702
wartime footing . What does that mean ? 

697
00:30:02,702 --> 00:30:04,758
First thing it means is where are my 

698
00:30:04,758 --> 00:30:07,150
people ? I have an office of 120 people . 

699
00:30:07,150 --> 00:30:09,206
There were only 10 in the Pentagon , 

700
00:30:09,206 --> 00:30:11,317
but I've offices around the world , I 

701
00:30:11,317 --> 00:30:13,483
need to reach out to each one of those 

702
00:30:13,483 --> 00:30:15,372
offices , informed them or what's 

703
00:30:15,372 --> 00:30:17,261
happening , Get them on a wartime 

704
00:30:17,261 --> 00:30:19,206
footing , make sure that they know 

705
00:30:19,206 --> 00:30:18,640
where their people are , their 

706
00:30:18,640 --> 00:30:20,862
resources , their clients and that they 

707
00:30:20,862 --> 00:30:22,807
are moving to prepare for whatever 

708
00:30:22,807 --> 00:30:25,600
comes next . At some point I turned to 

709
00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:27,850
our administrative chief who was a 

710
00:30:27,860 --> 00:30:29,916
marine corporal named Garafola and I 

711
00:30:29,916 --> 00:30:31,971
said Garafola , you need to call the 

712
00:30:31,971 --> 00:30:34,027
pentagon command center and find out 

713
00:30:34,027 --> 00:30:35,860
what the security status of this 

714
00:30:35,860 --> 00:30:37,693
building is . You know , they're 

715
00:30:37,693 --> 00:30:39,860
wrecking planes into buildings frankly 

716
00:30:39,860 --> 00:30:38,830
we're in the flight pattern for 

717
00:30:38,830 --> 00:30:41,100
national Airport . That's not a good 

718
00:30:41,100 --> 00:30:43,950
thing . He calls , I go about my 

719
00:30:43,950 --> 00:30:47,060
business , he comes in and tells me and 

720
00:30:47,060 --> 00:30:49,370
but I should proceed this by saying I 

721
00:30:49,370 --> 00:30:51,810
have an earring office on the west wall 

722
00:30:51,820 --> 00:30:54,440
overlooking Columbia pike and Arlington 

723
00:30:54,440 --> 00:30:57,060
cemetery . Anyway , he comes into my 

724
00:30:57,060 --> 00:30:58,949
office and says , well the threat 

725
00:30:58,949 --> 00:31:01,116
condition is normal threatcon normal . 

726
00:31:01,116 --> 00:31:03,282
I said okay that obviously is going to 

727
00:31:03,282 --> 00:31:06,030
change . You need to come in here every 

728
00:31:06,030 --> 00:31:07,919
five minutes and report to me the 

729
00:31:07,919 --> 00:31:09,752
status of this building until it 

730
00:31:09,752 --> 00:31:12,240
changes roger that and I go about my 

731
00:31:12,240 --> 00:31:14,351
business calling people getting ready 

732
00:31:14,351 --> 00:31:16,462
for whatever comes next . He comes in 

733
00:31:16,462 --> 00:31:18,629
religiously every five minutes to tell 

734
00:31:18,629 --> 00:31:20,629
me threatcon still normal threatcon 

735
00:31:20,629 --> 00:31:22,684
still normal . And on the last visit 

736
00:31:22,684 --> 00:31:24,684
that I recall somewhere around 9 30 

737
00:31:24,684 --> 00:31:26,907
comes in and says threatcon is normal . 

738
00:31:26,907 --> 00:31:28,962
I jumped up from my desk . I pointed 

739
00:31:28,962 --> 00:31:31,129
out the windows said for christ's sake 

740
00:31:31,129 --> 00:31:29,920
we're in the flight pattern for 

741
00:31:29,920 --> 00:31:31,698
national airport . How can this 

742
00:31:31,698 --> 00:31:33,920
building still being threatcon normal ? 

743
00:31:33,920 --> 00:31:36,087
I got up , walked around the desk . Uh 

744
00:31:36,087 --> 00:31:38,142
we're an interior suite with offices 

745
00:31:38,142 --> 00:31:40,253
inside . I have a completely enclosed 

746
00:31:40,253 --> 00:31:42,364
office . It's a legal office you have 

747
00:31:42,364 --> 00:31:45,130
to have privacy at times . Came around 

748
00:31:45,140 --> 00:31:48,110
the doorway and I was headed to see my 

749
00:31:48,110 --> 00:31:50,820
boss to say whatever I was thinking and 

750
00:31:50,820 --> 00:31:52,987
what I thought we should do next . And 

751
00:31:52,987 --> 00:31:55,098
right when I passed the admin chief's 

752
00:31:55,098 --> 00:31:57,960
desk , that's when the plane hit and I 

753
00:31:57,960 --> 00:32:00,127
would love to tell you , I have a very 

754
00:32:00,127 --> 00:32:02,790
clear recollection of what that sounded 

755
00:32:02,790 --> 00:32:05,350
like and felt like I only have a 

756
00:32:05,350 --> 00:32:07,350
recollection of hearing a very loud 

757
00:32:07,350 --> 00:32:11,110
grinding noise and vibration and then 

758
00:32:11,110 --> 00:32:13,630
boom , The next thing I know I'm in the 

759
00:32:13,630 --> 00:32:16,520
corner on the north side of the office 

760
00:32:16,530 --> 00:32:19,270
and I've been blown from the south side 

761
00:32:19,740 --> 00:32:21,629
through the ceiling tiles and the 

762
00:32:21,629 --> 00:32:24,460
lights . And I woke up on my face 

763
00:32:25,040 --> 00:32:27,790
looking to the west wall and I remember 

764
00:32:27,790 --> 00:32:30,670
seeing , excuse me , Mhm . 

765
00:32:32,540 --> 00:32:34,762
You have to understand that when you go 

766
00:32:34,762 --> 00:32:36,651
through something like that , the 

767
00:32:36,651 --> 00:32:38,873
compression is tremendous , the windows 

768
00:32:38,873 --> 00:32:41,040
didn't blow out , so all of that force 

769
00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:44,860
was kept inside . Um That 

770
00:32:44,860 --> 00:32:47,027
also meant that there was no oxygen to 

771
00:32:47,027 --> 00:32:49,138
feed the fire , so it couldn't ignite 

772
00:32:49,138 --> 00:32:51,193
everything in our office immediately 

773
00:32:51,193 --> 00:32:53,360
and that office remained intact . Um 

774
00:32:55,040 --> 00:32:57,290
because my reset button had been mashed 

775
00:32:57,290 --> 00:32:59,740
pretty hard , my senses came back 

776
00:32:59,750 --> 00:33:02,110
fairly slowly . I remember looking at 

777
00:33:02,110 --> 00:33:04,110
the window , you could see the this 

778
00:33:04,110 --> 00:33:06,780
tumbling cloud outside the window and 

779
00:33:06,780 --> 00:33:09,540
it black and white at first and as I 

780
00:33:09,540 --> 00:33:11,651
was looking at it , I realized it was 

781
00:33:11,651 --> 00:33:13,596
actually orange and black and then 

782
00:33:13,596 --> 00:33:15,930
realization that's a fireball . Then I 

783
00:33:15,930 --> 00:33:18,152
see my boss in the foreground , he's on 

784
00:33:18,152 --> 00:33:20,208
the floor , there's a major in there 

785
00:33:20,208 --> 00:33:22,720
trying to pick him up and slowly as it 

786
00:33:22,720 --> 00:33:25,560
unfolds , we realized we've been hit . 

787
00:33:26,140 --> 00:33:29,650
Um we got to get out of here and so we 

788
00:33:29,650 --> 00:33:32,840
pick ourselves up more or less dust 

789
00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:35,360
ourselves off , try to head to the door 

790
00:33:36,540 --> 00:33:38,484
until the admin chief , you know , 

791
00:33:38,484 --> 00:33:40,651
careful , will get us out of here . He 

792
00:33:40,651 --> 00:33:42,707
tries to open the door , the door is 

793
00:33:42,707 --> 00:33:46,230
wedged shut Where we were unfortunately 

794
00:33:46,230 --> 00:33:49,240
right above the three stars office . Um , 

795
00:33:49,250 --> 00:33:51,390
so the airplane hit directly under my 

796
00:33:51,390 --> 00:33:54,000
office , took out all one and two piece 

797
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:56,960
of three . The explosion did whatever 

798
00:33:56,960 --> 00:33:59,860
it did , it killed everyone below us , 

799
00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:04,560
broke my office in half . Um 

800
00:34:05,140 --> 00:34:07,620
If you could put slide 15 up for a 

801
00:34:07,620 --> 00:34:09,620
second , it might actually help you 

802
00:34:09,620 --> 00:34:12,590
visualize this , the the pentagon . If 

803
00:34:12,590 --> 00:34:14,840
you see that picture of the slice of 

804
00:34:14,840 --> 00:34:16,896
the pentagon that collapsed , it's a 

805
00:34:16,896 --> 00:34:19,062
very clean break on the left hand side 

806
00:34:19,062 --> 00:34:21,284
and from the right hand side it kind of 

807
00:34:21,284 --> 00:34:23,451
slopes down into the hole . That clean 

808
00:34:23,451 --> 00:34:26,010
break is where Pieces of the building 

809
00:34:26,010 --> 00:34:28,121
were joined . The Pentagon is not one 

810
00:34:28,121 --> 00:34:30,343
stone building , it's a series of stone 

811
00:34:30,343 --> 00:34:32,288
buildings joined by cables . Those 

812
00:34:32,288 --> 00:34:34,399
cables connect expansion joints which 

813
00:34:34,399 --> 00:34:36,621
allow the building to breathe to expand 

814
00:34:36,621 --> 00:34:38,788
to contract depending on the weather . 

815
00:34:38,788 --> 00:34:40,954
When the explosion occurred , it threw 

816
00:34:40,954 --> 00:34:44,260
up the south side of that wedge , 

817
00:34:44,730 --> 00:34:47,170
snap some of the cables tore away from 

818
00:34:47,170 --> 00:34:49,226
the north side of the building which 

819
00:34:49,226 --> 00:34:51,600
you see standing to the left there , I 

820
00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:53,656
was standing on the south side , the 

821
00:34:53,656 --> 00:34:55,711
collapse section thrown to the north 

822
00:34:55,711 --> 00:34:59,660
side . Um And because all of the 

823
00:34:59,660 --> 00:35:01,771
pilings , all of those you can see on 

824
00:35:01,771 --> 00:35:03,938
the right hand side some of those look 

825
00:35:03,938 --> 00:35:05,993
like doorways , there are very large 

826
00:35:05,993 --> 00:35:08,104
stone columns holding that section of 

827
00:35:08,104 --> 00:35:10,216
the building up , those have all been 

828
00:35:10,216 --> 00:35:12,960
taken out under us . So at that time 

829
00:35:13,340 --> 00:35:16,480
The fifth floor was sagging down onto 

830
00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:18,536
the 4th floor which was sagging down 

831
00:35:18,536 --> 00:35:20,830
over the pit although there is no 

832
00:35:20,830 --> 00:35:23,550
support structure anymore . All the way 

833
00:35:23,550 --> 00:35:25,750
to that was sitting on the door frames 

834
00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:28,960
of the 4th floor offices . So that 

835
00:35:28,960 --> 00:35:31,480
becomes important . Later we couldn't 

836
00:35:31,480 --> 00:35:33,790
get our door open corporal , careful 

837
00:35:33,790 --> 00:35:36,360
pulled , pulled , pulled , start to 

838
00:35:36,360 --> 00:35:40,280
realize we are above a very large fire . 

839
00:35:40,280 --> 00:35:43,120
At this point there's a white mist in 

840
00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:45,342
our office . It wasn't smoke at first . 

841
00:35:45,342 --> 00:35:47,676
At first I thought it was smoking again , 

842
00:35:47,676 --> 00:35:49,898
My senses are coming back very slowly . 

843
00:35:49,898 --> 00:35:52,200
Um And then I realized it's oily , it 

844
00:35:52,200 --> 00:35:55,290
smells like kerosene , It's J . P . 

845
00:35:55,290 --> 00:35:58,830
five which is jet fuel because the 

846
00:35:58,830 --> 00:36:02,420
windows held the explosion had no 

847
00:36:02,420 --> 00:36:04,840
oxygen to help ignite it on that floor . 

848
00:36:05,530 --> 00:36:07,670
But the jet fuel got pushed through 

849
00:36:07,670 --> 00:36:09,810
every crack into every office in that 

850
00:36:09,810 --> 00:36:11,921
wedge and it was still hanging in the 

851
00:36:11,921 --> 00:36:15,530
air where we were um I 

852
00:36:15,530 --> 00:36:18,400
had significant brain injury was 

853
00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:20,567
starting to suffer the effects of that 

854
00:36:20,630 --> 00:36:23,080
clouds . Your thinking ear drums blown 

855
00:36:23,080 --> 00:36:26,250
out . Couldn't hear very well . Um 

856
00:36:27,730 --> 00:36:29,610
Unfortunately I'm also in charge 

857
00:36:29,610 --> 00:36:32,490
because my boss at the time peter 

858
00:36:32,490 --> 00:36:35,250
Murphy was fairly badly injured himself 

859
00:36:35,250 --> 00:36:37,472
and he was an elderly guy , a great guy 

860
00:36:37,830 --> 00:36:39,941
and he was having a tough time in the 

861
00:36:39,941 --> 00:36:42,108
major basically had his arm around his 

862
00:36:42,108 --> 00:36:44,910
shoulder was carrying him along . So as 

863
00:36:44,910 --> 00:36:47,830
we try to open this door now , this is 

864
00:36:47,830 --> 00:36:49,830
a part , you need to visualize that 

865
00:36:49,830 --> 00:36:52,110
crack that seem that expansion joint 

866
00:36:52,110 --> 00:36:54,277
which runs from the outer wall all the 

867
00:36:54,277 --> 00:36:56,554
way through the building to the airing . 

868
00:36:56,554 --> 00:36:58,888
The crack where the building broke open , 

869
00:36:58,888 --> 00:37:01,350
runs right under our door , which means 

870
00:37:01,360 --> 00:37:04,470
we're standing above the fire , covered 

871
00:37:04,470 --> 00:37:06,960
in jet fuel . And so 

872
00:37:08,630 --> 00:37:12,550
this is a matter of some urgency and 

873
00:37:12,930 --> 00:37:14,930
we pulled and pulled , got the door 

874
00:37:14,930 --> 00:37:16,986
open just enough to squeeze out into 

875
00:37:16,986 --> 00:37:19,290
the hallway . At that point , the south 

876
00:37:19,290 --> 00:37:21,900
side of the building is in the process 

877
00:37:21,900 --> 00:37:24,233
of collapsing . I know you've seen film , 

878
00:37:24,410 --> 00:37:26,521
the facade comes down , it looks very 

879
00:37:26,521 --> 00:37:28,466
dramatic , that's the moment where 

880
00:37:28,466 --> 00:37:30,521
collapse . It's not like that inside 

881
00:37:30,521 --> 00:37:32,577
inside a chunk of the wall collapses 

882
00:37:32,577 --> 00:37:34,521
and buckles , piece of the ceiling 

883
00:37:34,521 --> 00:37:36,890
falls in The door frames to the south 

884
00:37:36,890 --> 00:37:38,779
side of us were 30 yards from the 

885
00:37:38,779 --> 00:37:41,710
Hallway , the door frames , solid core 

886
00:37:41,710 --> 00:37:43,766
wood doors which are holding up that 

887
00:37:43,766 --> 00:37:45,932
part of the building at this point are 

888
00:37:45,932 --> 00:37:47,877
starting to explode because of the 

889
00:37:47,877 --> 00:37:49,877
pressure on him and they're held in 

890
00:37:49,877 --> 00:37:49,750
these steel frames . There's no place 

891
00:37:49,750 --> 00:37:51,806
where it's not like they crumble and 

892
00:37:51,806 --> 00:37:54,040
crack , they just bland blowout and 

893
00:37:54,040 --> 00:37:56,070
embedded shards of wood in the wall 

894
00:37:56,070 --> 00:37:58,820
directly across from them from where 

895
00:37:58,820 --> 00:38:00,931
I'm standing . It looked like a scene 

896
00:38:00,931 --> 00:38:02,876
from indiana jones with the escape 

897
00:38:02,876 --> 00:38:05,010
scene , you know , avoid the rolling 

898
00:38:05,010 --> 00:38:07,320
ball , try not to fall into the trap . 

899
00:38:07,330 --> 00:38:10,200
So we have a choice now in that part of 

900
00:38:10,200 --> 00:38:12,200
the pentagon at that time , you can 

901
00:38:12,200 --> 00:38:14,367
only go in one of two directions , you 

902
00:38:14,367 --> 00:38:16,589
can either go to the north on the north 

903
00:38:16,589 --> 00:38:18,589
side , they're just wrapping up the 

904
00:38:18,589 --> 00:38:20,756
construction in this first wedge . The 

905
00:38:20,756 --> 00:38:22,867
construction entrance was still up so 

906
00:38:22,867 --> 00:38:24,922
big plywood wall there with the door 

907
00:38:24,922 --> 00:38:26,922
which was open and through which is 

908
00:38:26,922 --> 00:38:29,260
pouring thick black smoke and to the 

909
00:38:29,260 --> 00:38:31,482
south side , the collapsing part of the 

910
00:38:31,482 --> 00:38:34,460
building , which is giving every 

911
00:38:34,460 --> 00:38:36,700
indication that it's just going to go 

912
00:38:36,700 --> 00:38:39,200
at any second . And so we're trying to 

913
00:38:39,200 --> 00:38:42,450
decide , do we run which way do we run ? 

914
00:38:42,460 --> 00:38:45,250
We run to the fire covered in jet fuel 

915
00:38:46,020 --> 00:38:48,187
or do we run to the south and risk our 

916
00:38:48,187 --> 00:38:50,353
lives that we can make it to the court 

917
00:38:50,353 --> 00:38:52,353
or before the thing collapses . And 

918
00:38:52,353 --> 00:38:54,920
then for me , just a great moment from 

919
00:38:54,930 --> 00:38:57,210
a human perspective , a guy appears in 

920
00:38:57,210 --> 00:38:59,210
the construction door , tan pants , 

921
00:38:59,420 --> 00:39:01,587
which says to me that's a navy chief , 

922
00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:05,660
uh , the guys who carry the navy and uh , 

923
00:39:05,670 --> 00:39:07,448
and he's hollering , he's using 

924
00:39:07,448 --> 00:39:09,503
shipboard fire procedures if you can 

925
00:39:09,503 --> 00:39:11,670
hear my voice come this way and so now 

926
00:39:11,670 --> 00:39:13,614
we know we're going to live well , 

927
00:39:13,614 --> 00:39:15,726
unfortunately the smoke at this point 

928
00:39:15,726 --> 00:39:17,948
is so hot , it's crammed up against the 

929
00:39:17,948 --> 00:39:17,420
ceiling , but it's building , so it's 

930
00:39:17,420 --> 00:39:19,910
coming down like this were completely 

931
00:39:19,910 --> 00:39:22,132
hunched over , we have our ties wrapped 

932
00:39:22,132 --> 00:39:24,354
around our faces and now now we know we 

933
00:39:24,354 --> 00:39:26,577
can get out and we want to run , I'm in 

934
00:39:26,577 --> 00:39:29,540
charge and I said no , 

935
00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:34,140
we 

936
00:39:37,020 --> 00:39:39,076
we are going to search these offices 

937
00:39:39,076 --> 00:39:42,940
first and we did and we found 

938
00:39:42,940 --> 00:39:46,410
people and we got him out from under 

939
00:39:46,410 --> 00:39:48,577
the desks and we made our way down the 

940
00:39:48,577 --> 00:39:50,688
hall to the construction entrance and 

941
00:39:50,688 --> 00:39:52,466
more or less when we got to the 

942
00:39:52,466 --> 00:39:52,340
construction entrance , by my 

943
00:39:52,340 --> 00:39:54,340
recollection , the building fell in 

944
00:39:54,340 --> 00:39:58,220
behind us and uh the part of 

945
00:39:58,220 --> 00:40:00,442
what happens outside the building , you 

946
00:40:00,442 --> 00:40:02,664
already know . I think that's enough of 

947
00:40:02,664 --> 00:40:04,720
my story . I will just tell you that 

948
00:40:04,720 --> 00:40:03,940
when we got through the construction 

949
00:40:03,940 --> 00:40:07,940
entrance , as silly as the sounds , 

950
00:40:08,610 --> 00:40:12,480
it was only on fire . So not that 

951
00:40:12,480 --> 00:40:14,647
bad , as long as you didn't get hit by 

952
00:40:14,647 --> 00:40:16,758
the flames or sparks and didn't go up 

953
00:40:16,758 --> 00:40:18,869
like a roman candle , you'd be fine . 

954
00:40:18,869 --> 00:40:20,758
And I think compared what we went 

955
00:40:20,758 --> 00:40:22,924
through on the other side , we more or 

956
00:40:22,924 --> 00:40:24,924
less strolled out of their past the 

957
00:40:24,924 --> 00:40:26,702
fire and headed to the interior 

958
00:40:26,702 --> 00:40:28,758
building until we could find an exit 

959
00:40:28,758 --> 00:40:31,670
and that's my story . Thank you Mr hulk . 

960
00:40:31,680 --> 00:40:34,520
Um wow , thank you so very much for 

961
00:40:34,520 --> 00:40:37,310
sharing your story . Um and you as well . 

962
00:40:37,310 --> 00:40:40,020
Miss johnson . Um we have a few 

963
00:40:40,020 --> 00:40:42,990
questions from students . Um I am , 

964
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:46,230
well , first of all um I'm gonna call 

965
00:40:46,230 --> 00:40:48,330
on about four or five students who 

966
00:40:48,330 --> 00:40:50,490
submitted questions in advance . If 

967
00:40:50,490 --> 00:40:52,712
anyone else out there would like to ask 

968
00:40:52,712 --> 00:40:55,760
questions , please uh put your 

969
00:40:55,760 --> 00:40:57,970
questions in the chat and um we'll get 

970
00:40:57,970 --> 00:41:00,026
to them . But we're gonna start with 

971
00:41:00,026 --> 00:41:03,520
Miss Isabel Greenberg . Mhm . 

972
00:41:04,410 --> 00:41:07,230
Hi , can everyone hear me ? Yes ma'am , 

973
00:41:07,910 --> 00:41:10,450
thank you so much , ma'am . Um firstly 

974
00:41:10,460 --> 00:41:12,682
thank you to our esteemed panelists for 

975
00:41:12,682 --> 00:41:14,849
this opportunity and for your poignant 

976
00:41:14,849 --> 00:41:17,016
insight on this historic anniversary . 

977
00:41:17,016 --> 00:41:19,127
My name is Isabel Greenberg and I'm a 

978
00:41:19,127 --> 00:41:21,182
sophomore in Georgetown University's 

979
00:41:21,182 --> 00:41:23,071
Walsh School of Foreign Service , 

980
00:41:23,071 --> 00:41:25,016
pursuing a degree in international 

981
00:41:25,016 --> 00:41:27,182
security . While I was actually born a 

982
00:41:27,182 --> 00:41:29,404
few short months after 9-11 , I grew up 

983
00:41:29,404 --> 00:41:31,571
in a household that did not understate 

984
00:41:31,571 --> 00:41:33,516
the gravity of what our nation and 

985
00:41:33,516 --> 00:41:35,849
people had endured . My father was an M . 

986
00:41:35,849 --> 00:41:37,960
T . In high school , were worked as a 

987
00:41:37,960 --> 00:41:40,016
firefighter in between undergraduate 

988
00:41:40,016 --> 00:41:41,960
and medical school and has been an 

989
00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:44,016
emergency room physician for over 20 

990
00:41:44,016 --> 00:41:46,071
years . My mother worked in a police 

991
00:41:46,071 --> 00:41:48,238
station to put herself through college 

992
00:41:48,238 --> 00:41:50,293
before coming in . ICU nurse , wow ! 

993
00:41:50,293 --> 00:41:52,293
The first responders of 9 11 showed 

994
00:41:52,293 --> 00:41:54,470
extreme bravery and patriotism in the 

995
00:41:54,470 --> 00:41:57,200
face of terror . However the 

996
00:41:57,200 --> 00:41:59,422
psychological and physical burdens that 

997
00:41:59,422 --> 00:42:01,533
these heroes bear today should not be 

998
00:42:01,533 --> 00:42:03,700
underestimated the F . D . N . Y . 

999
00:42:03,710 --> 00:42:05,710
World Trade Centre health programme 

1000
00:42:05,710 --> 00:42:08,740
established by the James Zadroga 9 11 

1001
00:42:08,740 --> 00:42:11,420
health and compensation act of 2010 Has 

1002
00:42:11,420 --> 00:42:13,087
provided health care to first 

1003
00:42:13,087 --> 00:42:15,198
responders with conditions related to 

1004
00:42:15,198 --> 00:42:17,309
the debris and smoke at ground zero . 

1005
00:42:17,309 --> 00:42:19,198
However , actually receiving this 

1006
00:42:19,198 --> 00:42:21,476
funding has historically been a battle , 

1007
00:42:21,476 --> 00:42:23,309
whether it be who qualifies as a 

1008
00:42:23,309 --> 00:42:25,309
beneficiary or new in congressional 

1009
00:42:25,309 --> 00:42:27,087
funding or the duration of side 

1010
00:42:27,087 --> 00:42:29,570
benefits As our nation looks to the 

1011
00:42:29,570 --> 00:42:32,050
next 20 years . What are our continued 

1012
00:42:32,050 --> 00:42:34,570
moral and civic duties to the survivors 

1013
00:42:34,570 --> 00:42:36,620
of 9-11 particularly our first 

1014
00:42:36,620 --> 00:42:39,820
responders . What other hidden battles 

1015
00:42:40,300 --> 00:42:42,522
do you perceive our nation will have to 

1016
00:42:42,522 --> 00:42:43,522
fight ? 

1017
00:42:47,500 --> 00:42:51,480
I'll take a shot . Uh First I don't 

1018
00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:53,647
think that the fund that you mentioned 

1019
00:42:53,647 --> 00:42:55,500
actually extends to the first 

1020
00:42:55,500 --> 00:42:57,611
responders in Washington , D . C . It 

1021
00:42:57,611 --> 00:42:59,667
was aimed at first responders in new 

1022
00:42:59,667 --> 00:43:01,889
york . So you have a whole community in 

1023
00:43:01,889 --> 00:43:03,833
Washington , D . C . Of people who 

1024
00:43:03,833 --> 00:43:05,889
similarly risked their lives , their 

1025
00:43:05,889 --> 00:43:08,056
health who have not been compensated . 

1026
00:43:08,090 --> 00:43:10,760
That's my belief if I'm wrong I would 

1027
00:43:10,760 --> 00:43:13,080
gladly learn otherwise . So that that 

1028
00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:15,770
is a a charge that needs to be taken 

1029
00:43:15,770 --> 00:43:19,760
care of . Secondly , the families of 

1030
00:43:19,770 --> 00:43:23,000
people who were killed . The next group 

1031
00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:25,056
that really needs to be looked after 

1032
00:43:25,056 --> 00:43:27,222
here . And I don't know what the right 

1033
00:43:27,222 --> 00:43:27,080
solution is to this , but there is 

1034
00:43:27,600 --> 00:43:29,600
these are people whose parents were 

1035
00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:31,580
serving their country , cassandra 

1036
00:43:31,580 --> 00:43:33,802
doctor last minute I we are serving our 

1037
00:43:33,802 --> 00:43:36,220
country . We're just not in uniform and 

1038
00:43:36,220 --> 00:43:39,470
that is also valuable service and we go 

1039
00:43:39,470 --> 00:43:43,300
to great lengths to ensure that , that 

1040
00:43:43,300 --> 00:43:45,467
the military is well taken care of and 

1041
00:43:45,467 --> 00:43:47,633
that's appropriate and should happen . 

1042
00:43:47,633 --> 00:43:49,689
I don't think that civilians for the 

1043
00:43:49,689 --> 00:43:51,911
most part performing civilian duties in 

1044
00:43:51,911 --> 00:43:54,189
the pentagon don't need that extra pay , 

1045
00:43:54,189 --> 00:43:56,356
hazard pay and stuff like that . But I 

1046
00:43:56,356 --> 00:43:56,300
do think when civilians are subjected 

1047
00:43:56,300 --> 00:43:58,411
to something like this and they lived 

1048
00:43:58,411 --> 00:44:00,522
through an experience like this , the 

1049
00:44:00,522 --> 00:44:03,050
congress really should consider , um , 

1050
00:44:03,060 --> 00:44:06,840
a second level of compensation to help 

1051
00:44:06,840 --> 00:44:09,118
the families , not only those who live , 

1052
00:44:09,118 --> 00:44:11,510
but those who didn't live have a longer 

1053
00:44:11,510 --> 00:44:15,230
term , um , financial and health care 

1054
00:44:15,230 --> 00:44:17,286
cushion to that . I'm very worried . 

1055
00:44:17,286 --> 00:44:19,119
For example , what the long term 

1056
00:44:19,119 --> 00:44:21,230
effects of having a brain injury will 

1057
00:44:21,230 --> 00:44:23,452
be . Um , I don't know what that , what 

1058
00:44:23,452 --> 00:44:25,563
that will look like , but if it turns 

1059
00:44:25,563 --> 00:44:27,619
ugly , I don't want that to be , nor 

1060
00:44:27,619 --> 00:44:29,841
should it be my wife's burden because I 

1061
00:44:29,841 --> 00:44:32,063
was serving the United States when that 

1062
00:44:32,063 --> 00:44:31,300
happened to me and I'm not making a 

1063
00:44:31,300 --> 00:44:33,356
claim , I'm simply raising the issue 

1064
00:44:33,790 --> 00:44:35,901
and then the last thing and I'll turn 

1065
00:44:35,901 --> 00:44:37,957
it over to my colleagues here . Um , 

1066
00:44:42,490 --> 00:44:44,250
there is a generation , 

1067
00:44:49,690 --> 00:44:52,810
a generation of people who are serving 

1068
00:44:54,090 --> 00:44:57,430
since then in uniform and we just 

1069
00:44:57,430 --> 00:45:00,470
concluded a long war , they're going to 

1070
00:45:00,470 --> 00:45:04,260
need help too . And we need to figure 

1071
00:45:04,260 --> 00:45:07,920
out how to not just money , but how to 

1072
00:45:07,920 --> 00:45:10,087
make decisions about putting people in 

1073
00:45:10,087 --> 00:45:12,198
harm's way , what the value is , what 

1074
00:45:12,198 --> 00:45:14,420
the objectives are , how much they need 

1075
00:45:14,420 --> 00:45:16,476
to be communicated to the people who 

1076
00:45:16,476 --> 00:45:18,531
are taking those risks and make that 

1077
00:45:18,531 --> 00:45:20,753
part of a national conversation because 

1078
00:45:20,753 --> 00:45:23,170
you can see when this war wound up , it 

1079
00:45:23,170 --> 00:45:25,392
was not a high degree of satisfaction , 

1080
00:45:25,392 --> 00:45:27,003
but for the record , I'm not 

1081
00:45:27,003 --> 00:45:29,003
criticizing the decision to leave . 

1082
00:45:29,090 --> 00:45:31,423
Nobody asked . But I'll tell you anyway , 

1083
00:45:31,423 --> 00:45:33,440
I support the decision to leave . I 

1084
00:45:33,440 --> 00:45:35,662
don't think we should be fighting for a 

1085
00:45:35,662 --> 00:45:37,773
country that won't fight for itself . 

1086
00:45:37,773 --> 00:45:39,996
So as a practical matter , that's how I 

1087
00:45:39,996 --> 00:45:42,210
see the issues turn it to you . 

1088
00:45:44,890 --> 00:45:48,360
I really don't have anything more to 

1089
00:45:48,360 --> 00:45:52,280
add to what bobby just said . I think 

1090
00:45:52,290 --> 00:45:55,190
the important thing is that we don't 

1091
00:45:55,190 --> 00:45:58,950
forget we remember the sacrifices , 

1092
00:45:58,960 --> 00:46:02,410
be they civilians or military . Um 

1093
00:46:02,980 --> 00:46:06,870
and I know it's been very tough for the 

1094
00:46:06,870 --> 00:46:09,470
folks who are associated with the 

1095
00:46:09,470 --> 00:46:12,900
military today that were , you know , 

1096
00:46:13,480 --> 00:46:15,702
affected by Afghanistan and that's been 

1097
00:46:15,702 --> 00:46:17,869
a very big issue within the Department 

1098
00:46:17,869 --> 00:46:20,980
of Defense to make sure that um the 

1099
00:46:20,980 --> 00:46:24,880
veterans who fought in Iraq and 

1100
00:46:24,890 --> 00:46:28,760
clearly Afghanistan appreciate the 

1101
00:46:28,760 --> 00:46:30,982
fact that the american people hopefully 

1102
00:46:30,982 --> 00:46:33,810
are thankful for their sacrifices . And 

1103
00:46:33,810 --> 00:46:35,643
again , as bobby said a national 

1104
00:46:35,643 --> 00:46:38,360
conversation because um it's the , it's 

1105
00:46:38,360 --> 00:46:40,471
the , it's the mental scars , there's 

1106
00:46:40,471 --> 00:46:43,950
the physical scars and I remember 

1107
00:46:43,960 --> 00:46:46,220
coming into the pentagon many a day 

1108
00:46:46,220 --> 00:46:49,350
where our heroes were honored from the 

1109
00:46:49,350 --> 00:46:51,239
folks who came back from Iraq and 

1110
00:46:51,239 --> 00:46:54,830
Afghanistan and we had like 

1111
00:46:54,850 --> 00:46:58,060
pep sessions to have them come by in 

1112
00:46:58,060 --> 00:47:01,720
our corridors and be cheered and and 

1113
00:47:01,730 --> 00:47:04,480
honored . Um , but it's those 

1114
00:47:04,480 --> 00:47:07,680
psychological scars that have to be 

1115
00:47:07,680 --> 00:47:11,500
healed as well . So everybody 

1116
00:47:11,500 --> 00:47:14,000
deserves that , that kind of vote of 

1117
00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:16,730
confidence and support . Um and I 

1118
00:47:16,740 --> 00:47:18,851
appreciate your your question because 

1119
00:47:18,851 --> 00:47:21,880
it's a good one . And uh this will not 

1120
00:47:21,890 --> 00:47:24,180
be the last time we were here , about 9 

1121
00:47:24,180 --> 00:47:26,347
11 . This is not the last time we will 

1122
00:47:26,347 --> 00:47:28,070
hear about Afghanistan type of 

1123
00:47:28,070 --> 00:47:30,920
situation . So it's the nature of our 

1124
00:47:30,920 --> 00:47:34,860
business . And again civilians Need 

1125
00:47:34,860 --> 00:47:37,360
to be remembered and that's why we call 

1126
00:47:37,360 --> 00:47:39,950
them heroes and that's what we're doing 

1127
00:47:39,950 --> 00:47:43,460
tomorrow in honor of one Of those 

1128
00:47:43,460 --> 00:47:46,720
187 heroes . They were innocence . They 

1129
00:47:46,720 --> 00:47:49,880
did nothing but just go about their 

1130
00:47:49,880 --> 00:47:52,990
business and they became victims . 

1131
00:47:56,080 --> 00:47:59,620
Thank you so much Miss johnson and uh 

1132
00:47:59,630 --> 00:48:01,574
Isabelle , thank you for the great 

1133
00:48:01,574 --> 00:48:03,574
question . I am going to go next to 

1134
00:48:03,574 --> 00:48:05,600
carl Chandler School of Law George 

1135
00:48:05,600 --> 00:48:08,590
mason University carol . Are you there ? 

1136
00:48:09,570 --> 00:48:12,320
Yes ma'am , can you hear me ? Yes sir . 

1137
00:48:15,970 --> 00:48:18,081
Well thank you so much for all of our 

1138
00:48:18,081 --> 00:48:20,170
panelists sharing their insight . I 

1139
00:48:20,180 --> 00:48:22,320
think that's a truly remarkable story 

1140
00:48:22,330 --> 00:48:24,530
um from from all viewpoints , a little 

1141
00:48:24,530 --> 00:48:26,419
background on me . I grew up in a 

1142
00:48:26,419 --> 00:48:28,252
military family , my family have 

1143
00:48:28,252 --> 00:48:30,474
stationed here in D . C . My dad worked 

1144
00:48:30,474 --> 00:48:29,870
at the pentagon , but we actually 

1145
00:48:29,870 --> 00:48:32,250
happened to pcs down the langley about 

1146
00:48:32,250 --> 00:48:34,028
three months before the attacks 

1147
00:48:34,028 --> 00:48:36,250
themselves right now . I've lived right 

1148
00:48:36,250 --> 00:48:38,472
up the street on South Gate boulevard , 

1149
00:48:38,472 --> 00:48:40,417
um I'm an Air force veteran myself 

1150
00:48:40,417 --> 00:48:42,528
served seven years And one thing that 

1151
00:48:42,528 --> 00:48:44,694
really struck me when listening to the 

1152
00:48:44,694 --> 00:48:46,980
panel was that I had a chief who served 

1153
00:48:46,980 --> 00:48:49,250
under me when I was down in San Antonio 

1154
00:48:49,260 --> 00:48:51,980
who'd you going ? Right after the 

1155
00:48:51,980 --> 00:48:54,280
September 11 attacks ? And then I 

1156
00:48:54,280 --> 00:48:58,150
watched him in 2019 send his oldest 

1157
00:48:58,150 --> 00:49:00,440
son who hadn't been born at the time of 

1158
00:49:00,440 --> 00:49:04,190
the 2000 2001 attacks off on his first 

1159
00:49:04,370 --> 00:49:06,537
employment also as a member of the Air 

1160
00:49:06,537 --> 00:49:08,703
Force . So my question to the panel is 

1161
00:49:08,703 --> 00:49:09,703
how have you seen 

1162
00:49:12,270 --> 00:49:15,150
who served during the time 20 years ago 

1163
00:49:15,160 --> 00:49:17,382
of the september 11th attack and coming 

1164
00:49:17,382 --> 00:49:19,493
out of the conclusion of the long war 

1165
00:49:19,493 --> 00:49:21,810
that we've seen in Afghanistan . Have 

1166
00:49:21,810 --> 00:49:23,921
you witnessed a change in the town or 

1167
00:49:23,921 --> 00:49:26,088
or attitude of service members who may 

1168
00:49:26,088 --> 00:49:28,143
not have been born on september 11th 

1169
00:49:28,143 --> 00:49:30,310
2001 and yet have joined in on the war 

1170
00:49:30,310 --> 00:49:32,740
on terror and how that's affected 

1171
00:49:32,750 --> 00:49:34,917
different components of our service as 

1172
00:49:34,917 --> 00:49:37,250
we move into sort of a new era of U . S . 

1173
00:49:37,250 --> 00:49:39,361
Military operations ? That's my first 

1174
00:49:39,361 --> 00:49:41,583
question and then follow up question if 

1175
00:49:41,583 --> 00:49:43,917
you have all the time to speak about it , 

1176
00:49:43,917 --> 00:49:46,028
what would you say to a young three l 

1177
00:49:46,028 --> 00:49:48,139
who's searching for a post law school 

1178
00:49:48,139 --> 00:49:50,370
employment who says I'd really like to 

1179
00:49:50,370 --> 00:49:53,570
continue serving in some manner in the 

1180
00:49:53,570 --> 00:49:55,348
civilian world and use my legal 

1181
00:49:55,348 --> 00:49:57,810
education in that capacity . 

1182
00:50:01,240 --> 00:50:03,462
So those are my questions . Thank you . 

1183
00:50:03,960 --> 00:50:07,060
Um Well with regarding and I have to , 

1184
00:50:07,060 --> 00:50:08,838
I have a bias with George mason 

1185
00:50:08,838 --> 00:50:10,893
University law School because my son 

1186
00:50:10,893 --> 00:50:12,949
graduated from here about five years 

1187
00:50:12,949 --> 00:50:15,171
ago now and , and very proud of him and 

1188
00:50:15,171 --> 00:50:17,580
education . He got there . Um , 

1189
00:50:18,760 --> 00:50:22,600
uh , the , the generation today , there 

1190
00:50:22,600 --> 00:50:24,433
were , there were many general , 

1191
00:50:24,433 --> 00:50:26,820
several five minutes . Okay . There 

1192
00:50:26,820 --> 00:50:29,042
were , there were a lot of people who , 

1193
00:50:29,042 --> 00:50:31,630
who did join the military as soon as 9 

1194
00:50:31,630 --> 00:50:34,000
11 hit literally the next day they 

1195
00:50:34,010 --> 00:50:37,430
joined up and that sense of patriotism 

1196
00:50:37,440 --> 00:50:40,580
is what keeps this country going . 

1197
00:50:41,160 --> 00:50:44,730
And I , I am saddened that there aren't 

1198
00:50:44,740 --> 00:50:47,520
more people who are signing up to be 

1199
00:50:47,530 --> 00:50:50,480
able to take on that mantle 

1200
00:50:51,560 --> 00:50:53,930
and to feel that they are doing their 

1201
00:50:53,930 --> 00:50:56,270
public service by serving their country 

1202
00:50:56,330 --> 00:50:59,640
in that fashion . Um , we have many 

1203
00:50:59,640 --> 00:51:01,990
members of Congress who have had no 

1204
00:51:01,990 --> 00:51:03,990
military experience and that is an 

1205
00:51:03,990 --> 00:51:06,480
experience that you just don't get 

1206
00:51:06,860 --> 00:51:08,693
Unless you've either been in the 

1207
00:51:08,693 --> 00:51:10,638
military or you've been around the 

1208
00:51:10,638 --> 00:51:12,416
military . I've had no military 

1209
00:51:12,416 --> 00:51:14,527
experience , but I've been around the 

1210
00:51:14,527 --> 00:51:16,304
military for almost 42 years of 

1211
00:51:16,304 --> 00:51:18,750
civilian and you feel the community and 

1212
00:51:18,750 --> 00:51:22,250
the support . So I think 

1213
00:51:22,260 --> 00:51:26,040
now today's servicemen and women who 

1214
00:51:26,040 --> 00:51:30,020
are serving are making that commitment 

1215
00:51:30,030 --> 00:51:32,086
and are keeping true to it . And I'm 

1216
00:51:32,086 --> 00:51:34,252
thankful that we have people like that 

1217
00:51:34,252 --> 00:51:36,363
who who make that commitment and take 

1218
00:51:36,363 --> 00:51:40,270
it on . Um , continue that 

1219
00:51:41,560 --> 00:51:44,740
question . Two apply to service . 

1220
00:51:44,740 --> 00:51:47,580
General council offices . 

1221
00:51:48,460 --> 00:51:51,460
Yes sir . Thank you . I had a 120 

1222
00:51:51,460 --> 00:51:53,127
people as the council for the 

1223
00:51:53,127 --> 00:51:55,390
commandant turnover is high because the 

1224
00:51:55,390 --> 00:51:57,446
jobs are tough and the opportunities 

1225
00:51:57,446 --> 00:52:00,050
out of those jobs are significant . So 

1226
00:52:00,060 --> 00:52:02,282
you know , I'm sure the army would love 

1227
00:52:02,282 --> 00:52:04,449
to have you , the Air force would love 

1228
00:52:04,449 --> 00:52:06,449
to have you the navy , but the hell 

1229
00:52:06,449 --> 00:52:08,616
with them right to the council for the 

1230
00:52:08,616 --> 00:52:10,770
common on and saying wait . 

1231
00:52:11,150 --> 00:52:15,020
And the services do really 

1232
00:52:15,020 --> 00:52:17,570
hire a lot of former military people 

1233
00:52:17,570 --> 00:52:20,410
jags because they have an incredible 

1234
00:52:20,410 --> 00:52:22,354
professional development that they 

1235
00:52:22,354 --> 00:52:25,620
undergo and and they just can deal with 

1236
00:52:25,620 --> 00:52:29,160
many situations uh immediately and and 

1237
00:52:29,160 --> 00:52:31,271
they're right on the ground running . 

1238
00:52:31,271 --> 00:52:34,750
So D . O . D . Is a great place to be 

1239
00:52:34,750 --> 00:52:37,070
able to um to use your talents . 

1240
00:52:38,570 --> 00:52:41,340
Great Carlos , Thank you so much for 

1241
00:52:41,340 --> 00:52:43,470
your question . Um just real quickly 

1242
00:52:43,470 --> 00:52:45,590
because we started a little late , we 

1243
00:52:45,590 --> 00:52:49,340
can go another 10 to 15 minutes . Um I 

1244
00:52:49,340 --> 00:52:51,650
do want to make sure we get to our last 

1245
00:52:51,650 --> 00:52:54,450
two questions . Um Okay and so we're 

1246
00:52:54,450 --> 00:52:57,420
going next to Matthew's Gross Elliott 

1247
00:52:57,420 --> 00:52:59,309
School of International Affairs , 

1248
00:52:59,309 --> 00:53:01,590
George Washington University . Uh 

1249
00:53:01,600 --> 00:53:05,050
Elliot , are you there ? Yes ma'am . I 

1250
00:53:05,050 --> 00:53:07,161
am great . Hear me . Okay . Yes sir . 

1251
00:53:07,161 --> 00:53:10,960
Thank you . Okay , good . Um thank you 

1252
00:53:10,970 --> 00:53:13,480
to the panelists . Thank you for 

1253
00:53:13,480 --> 00:53:15,647
sharing your stories and also for your 

1254
00:53:15,647 --> 00:53:18,060
service to our country . Um it's very 

1255
00:53:18,060 --> 00:53:20,890
much appreciated . Um so , so I guess 

1256
00:53:20,890 --> 00:53:23,300
my question is I was five years old 

1257
00:53:23,310 --> 00:53:25,532
when , when september 11th happened and 

1258
00:53:25,532 --> 00:53:28,420
I have very fuzzy and faint memories of 

1259
00:53:28,420 --> 00:53:30,642
the day , but they are , they are still 

1260
00:53:30,642 --> 00:53:34,120
there . Um , and I faced , my question 

1261
00:53:34,120 --> 00:53:36,480
is I'm sure many of the students on 

1262
00:53:36,480 --> 00:53:38,770
this call are either already or are 

1263
00:53:38,780 --> 00:53:42,250
pursuing um either military or civilian 

1264
00:53:42,260 --> 00:53:44,316
federal service . Uh and I wanted to 

1265
00:53:44,316 --> 00:53:47,010
ask you , how would you like Us to 

1266
00:53:47,020 --> 00:53:49,520
carry on the memory of September 11 of 

1267
00:53:49,520 --> 00:53:51,742
those who were there and those who lost 

1268
00:53:51,742 --> 00:53:53,576
their lives in our future work . 

1269
00:53:56,150 --> 00:53:59,750
So very early on after all this 

1270
00:53:59,750 --> 00:54:02,430
happened , there was talk about having 

1271
00:54:02,430 --> 00:54:05,760
a a day off another federal holiday 

1272
00:54:05,760 --> 00:54:07,982
established as a point of remembrance . 

1273
00:54:07,982 --> 00:54:10,093
I remember having a visceral reaction 

1274
00:54:10,093 --> 00:54:12,260
to that . And it remains to this day . 

1275
00:54:12,340 --> 00:54:14,562
I think the best way to remember people 

1276
00:54:14,562 --> 00:54:16,673
who are going about their day , daily 

1277
00:54:16,673 --> 00:54:18,618
lives working hard at their jobs , 

1278
00:54:18,618 --> 00:54:20,673
civilians in this building , some on 

1279
00:54:20,673 --> 00:54:23,490
the plane who sacrificed knowing they 

1280
00:54:23,490 --> 00:54:25,712
were taking a risk when they took these 

1281
00:54:25,712 --> 00:54:27,768
jobs , but never thinking it was the 

1282
00:54:27,768 --> 00:54:30,101
war was going to come home to Arlington . 

1283
00:54:30,101 --> 00:54:29,990
I think the best way to do that is to 

1284
00:54:29,990 --> 00:54:33,610
come to work on September 11 and and 

1285
00:54:33,620 --> 00:54:37,070
put in some extra effort that would do 

1286
00:54:37,070 --> 00:54:40,710
it for me , what would do it for me is 

1287
00:54:40,710 --> 00:54:42,890
is that the fact that you all are 

1288
00:54:42,890 --> 00:54:45,830
participating in the exact kind of 

1289
00:54:45,830 --> 00:54:49,490
event that keeps it in everyone's 

1290
00:54:49,490 --> 00:54:52,720
memory because unless you've been 

1291
00:54:52,720 --> 00:54:55,420
impacted in some direct way whether you 

1292
00:54:55,420 --> 00:54:58,670
lost someone that you knew you loved , 

1293
00:54:59,040 --> 00:55:02,450
you know or you were there , You're 

1294
00:55:02,450 --> 00:55:04,339
just not going to appreciate what 

1295
00:55:04,339 --> 00:55:06,960
happened that day . Our innocence is 

1296
00:55:06,960 --> 00:55:09,360
gone . It's almost like we're reliving 

1297
00:55:09,360 --> 00:55:12,560
Pearl Harbor and you have to remember 

1298
00:55:12,560 --> 00:55:14,910
it . And I think with the observances 

1299
00:55:14,910 --> 00:55:17,570
which there are many around the country , 

1300
00:55:17,580 --> 00:55:19,802
especially in this area . Like I said , 

1301
00:55:19,802 --> 00:55:21,969
I encourage you to go to Shanksville . 

1302
00:55:21,969 --> 00:55:24,360
It's almost the forgotten site because 

1303
00:55:24,360 --> 00:55:26,582
if it hadn't have been for those heroes 

1304
00:55:26,582 --> 00:55:29,660
who got that plane right into the 

1305
00:55:29,660 --> 00:55:33,060
ground and smashed into obliteration , 

1306
00:55:33,640 --> 00:55:36,920
that plane clearly we know was destined 

1307
00:55:36,920 --> 00:55:40,620
for Washington D . C . So I think 

1308
00:55:40,620 --> 00:55:44,420
about that every day and um , that , 

1309
00:55:44,420 --> 00:55:46,531
that was a major sacrifice because by 

1310
00:55:46,531 --> 00:55:48,670
then they New World Trade Center 

1311
00:55:49,040 --> 00:55:52,230
collapsed pentagon . The world's 

1312
00:55:52,230 --> 00:55:54,380
strongest military couldn't stop the 

1313
00:55:54,380 --> 00:55:57,950
plane and it was up to them to not 

1314
00:55:57,960 --> 00:56:01,100
let that happen to any other people . 

1315
00:56:01,100 --> 00:56:04,720
But , and like became for me being in 

1316
00:56:04,720 --> 00:56:07,250
the pentagon , the let's roll . 

1317
00:56:08,630 --> 00:56:10,852
That's what they decided . And when you 

1318
00:56:10,852 --> 00:56:13,250
go to Shanksville , you appreciate what 

1319
00:56:13,260 --> 00:56:16,120
they did . They took a vote on the 

1320
00:56:16,120 --> 00:56:20,050
plane . Are we ready to unite 

1321
00:56:20,060 --> 00:56:22,890
and take this plane down on our terms , 

1322
00:56:22,900 --> 00:56:26,460
not theirs . And that just resonates . 

1323
00:56:26,850 --> 00:56:30,650
So that's , You know , really 

1324
00:56:30,650 --> 00:56:33,410
the three sites that we have to think 

1325
00:56:33,410 --> 00:56:34,460
about every day . 

1326
00:56:37,130 --> 00:56:40,610
Thank you . Thank you Miss johnson , uh , 

1327
00:56:40,620 --> 00:56:43,290
Andrew Tobin from uh Walsh School of 

1328
00:56:43,290 --> 00:56:45,620
Foreign Service Georgetown University 

1329
00:56:45,630 --> 00:56:48,480
Andrew , are you with us ? Yes . Can 

1330
00:56:48,480 --> 00:56:50,970
you hear me ? We can thank you for 

1331
00:56:50,970 --> 00:56:53,110
joining us . Thank you very much for 

1332
00:56:53,110 --> 00:56:55,166
the opportunity man and thank you to 

1333
00:56:55,166 --> 00:56:57,388
our panelists for speaking with us this 

1334
00:56:57,388 --> 00:56:59,277
afternoon . Uh So I'm a senior in 

1335
00:56:59,277 --> 00:57:01,332
Georgetown School of Foreign Service 

1336
00:57:01,332 --> 00:57:03,666
studying terrorism and subsidy violence . 

1337
00:57:03,666 --> 00:57:05,888
Uh I grew up in Northern New Jersey and 

1338
00:57:05,888 --> 00:57:07,943
my father worked in new york city uh 

1339
00:57:07,943 --> 00:57:07,850
and I was only one year old at the time 

1340
00:57:07,850 --> 00:57:10,183
of the september 11th attacks . However , 

1341
00:57:10,183 --> 00:57:12,406
I learned about them all growing up and 

1342
00:57:12,406 --> 00:57:14,406
really inspired me to get into this 

1343
00:57:14,406 --> 00:57:16,406
field . Uh So I was just curious in 

1344
00:57:16,406 --> 00:57:18,572
your perspectives , what were the days 

1345
00:57:18,572 --> 00:57:20,794
following the attacks ? Like going back 

1346
00:57:20,794 --> 00:57:22,961
to work ? Uh kind of getting back into 

1347
00:57:22,961 --> 00:57:22,840
the rhythm of uh working for the 

1348
00:57:22,840 --> 00:57:25,110
pentagon department defense after the 

1349
00:57:25,110 --> 00:57:28,890
attacks . I two quick 

1350
00:57:28,890 --> 00:57:32,700
personal stories when I found out that 

1351
00:57:32,710 --> 00:57:36,520
um Ernie was killed at ground zero , 

1352
00:57:36,530 --> 00:57:38,770
I immediately called my supervisor and 

1353
00:57:38,770 --> 00:57:40,881
I said I just got a call from Shirley 

1354
00:57:40,881 --> 00:57:44,760
Wilshire and he said I want you to 

1355
00:57:44,770 --> 00:57:48,570
go to spend the next day with surely 

1356
00:57:49,030 --> 00:57:52,990
and be with her and her family . And 

1357
00:57:52,990 --> 00:57:55,640
I'm like I wouldn't want to be anywhere 

1358
00:57:55,640 --> 00:57:59,500
else . And we talked about 

1359
00:57:59,500 --> 00:58:02,840
Ernie and It was amazing 

1360
00:58:02,840 --> 00:58:06,120
because this is a guy who was just your 

1361
00:58:06,130 --> 00:58:08,820
average Joe . He wore a pair of gray 

1362
00:58:08,820 --> 00:58:11,920
pants , white shirt , thick tie , that 

1363
00:58:11,920 --> 00:58:14,930
was like 1950s out of style and a navy 

1364
00:58:14,930 --> 00:58:16,819
blue jacket and he'd take off his 

1365
00:58:16,819 --> 00:58:18,708
blazer at night . He'd put on his 

1366
00:58:18,708 --> 00:58:20,874
little Peters jacket if you remember a 

1367
00:58:20,874 --> 00:58:23,097
little zip up thing and he'd walk out . 

1368
00:58:24,120 --> 00:58:27,360
Um He bought three new suits 

1369
00:58:28,620 --> 00:58:30,890
to begin his career as a , as a 

1370
00:58:30,890 --> 00:58:33,920
consultant and he wore his first suit 

1371
00:58:33,930 --> 00:58:37,140
into the building that day . Um 

1372
00:58:37,820 --> 00:58:40,580
That's a memory I have right after 

1373
00:58:41,620 --> 00:58:43,880
the next day I came into the building 

1374
00:58:43,890 --> 00:58:46,057
because the first thing they had to do 

1375
00:58:46,057 --> 00:58:48,223
was to make sure they could secure the 

1376
00:58:48,223 --> 00:58:50,446
building was that structurally sound so 

1377
00:58:50,446 --> 00:58:52,501
people could return and if their and 

1378
00:58:52,501 --> 00:58:52,020
there were parts of the building that 

1379
00:58:52,020 --> 00:58:54,242
we're not and the engineers had to come 

1380
00:58:54,242 --> 00:58:56,470
in and literally okay , section by 

1381
00:58:56,470 --> 00:58:58,830
section of the pentagon . So our 

1382
00:58:58,830 --> 00:59:01,500
section was cleared uh physically were 

1383
00:59:01,500 --> 00:59:03,700
on the 7th corridor , about half a 

1384
00:59:03,700 --> 00:59:05,811
football field away from the impact , 

1385
00:59:05,820 --> 00:59:08,330
but we did not sustain any structural 

1386
00:59:08,330 --> 00:59:12,270
damage . And I vividly remember uh 

1387
00:59:12,280 --> 00:59:14,910
every lawyer back then , we all dealt 

1388
00:59:14,910 --> 00:59:17,077
with books . You know , we didn't have 

1389
00:59:17,077 --> 00:59:19,021
the internet and all that research 

1390
00:59:19,021 --> 00:59:21,090
stuff . I had all of Ernie's . I was 

1391
00:59:21,090 --> 00:59:23,312
surrounded by Ernie's law books . I was 

1392
00:59:23,312 --> 00:59:25,790
surrounded by title Fives , Title 10 

1393
00:59:25,800 --> 00:59:28,150
Behind me . I had like 30 volumes of 

1394
00:59:28,150 --> 00:59:30,710
stuff in my office . And I remember I 

1395
00:59:30,710 --> 00:59:32,821
had to research something immediately 

1396
00:59:32,821 --> 00:59:35,043
which dealt with civilian personnel law 

1397
00:59:35,043 --> 00:59:37,250
and what do you do In the particular , 

1398
00:59:37,250 --> 00:59:40,670
9 11 situation . I remember turning And 

1399
00:59:40,670 --> 00:59:43,880
reaching for Title five , which is for 

1400
00:59:43,880 --> 00:59:46,410
federal employees , Title five . And as 

1401
00:59:46,410 --> 00:59:49,180
I was reaching for the book , I'm not 

1402
00:59:49,180 --> 00:59:52,680
exaggerating , there was a force 

1403
00:59:53,420 --> 00:59:55,750
that kept my hand from touching that 

1404
00:59:55,750 --> 00:59:59,190
book and the harder I pushed my hand to 

1405
00:59:59,190 --> 01:00:01,530
touch the book . I couldn't 

1406
01:00:02,510 --> 01:00:05,970
and it was weird . It was 

1407
01:00:05,970 --> 01:00:08,130
bizarre , but it was real . 

1408
01:00:09,550 --> 01:00:13,060
You cannot appreciate the 

1409
01:00:13,060 --> 01:00:16,550
power of love and 

1410
01:00:16,550 --> 01:00:19,780
affection and just something would not 

1411
01:00:19,780 --> 01:00:21,891
let me touch that book and that to me 

1412
01:00:21,891 --> 01:00:25,160
was you can laugh 

1413
01:00:25,170 --> 01:00:28,530
but Ernie speaking to me 

1414
01:00:28,540 --> 01:00:31,930
that this was his life and I 

1415
01:00:32,510 --> 01:00:34,940
and there to kind of transmit it on . 

1416
01:00:35,810 --> 01:00:38,850
And so um that's what it was like for 

1417
01:00:38,850 --> 01:00:41,230
me and my parents were extremely 

1418
01:00:41,240 --> 01:00:44,390
excited to , they greeted me 

1419
01:00:44,400 --> 01:00:47,170
after a few hours , they came in greek 

1420
01:00:47,170 --> 01:00:49,337
family , they came in with enough food 

1421
01:00:49,337 --> 01:00:51,392
to feed an army . They had gone to a 

1422
01:00:51,392 --> 01:00:53,503
greek restaurant . It was a happy day 

1423
01:00:53,503 --> 01:00:55,614
to know that their daughter was alive 

1424
01:00:55,614 --> 01:00:59,260
and it and we were all numb in in our 

1425
01:00:59,260 --> 01:01:02,660
own ways . But I had the extreme 

1426
01:01:02,660 --> 01:01:05,430
high and I had the extreme low that day 

1427
01:01:05,910 --> 01:01:07,410
and for days that followed 

1428
01:01:09,910 --> 01:01:12,370
a little bit stranger for me . I didn't 

1429
01:01:12,370 --> 01:01:15,530
have an office to go back to just the 

1430
01:01:15,530 --> 01:01:17,641
way it worked out . I got a call that 

1431
01:01:17,641 --> 01:01:19,808
night from the Marine Corps Operations 

1432
01:01:19,808 --> 01:01:22,030
Center . Your ear drums have been blown 

1433
01:01:22,030 --> 01:01:24,252
out . I couldn't talk on the phone , my 

1434
01:01:24,252 --> 01:01:24,070
wife was handling it and although 

1435
01:01:24,070 --> 01:01:26,780
you're all too young for this . Watch 

1436
01:01:26,780 --> 01:01:28,836
the panel members when I say she was 

1437
01:01:28,836 --> 01:01:31,169
given me the Garrett Morris news report , 

1438
01:01:31,610 --> 01:01:34,290
it's your mother , you know . Anyway , 

1439
01:01:34,300 --> 01:01:36,940
11 30 at night the phone rings and she 

1440
01:01:36,940 --> 01:01:39,280
says it's the Marine Corps Operations 

1441
01:01:39,280 --> 01:01:41,280
Center . I said , well what do they 

1442
01:01:41,280 --> 01:01:43,560
want comment on wants to see you six 

1443
01:01:43,560 --> 01:01:47,440
a.m. Tomorrow . Okay . Where 

1444
01:01:49,210 --> 01:01:51,321
she talked ? She talks , she puts the 

1445
01:01:51,321 --> 01:01:53,432
phone down . She turns around and she 

1446
01:01:53,432 --> 01:01:55,432
says pentagon . I said the pentagon 

1447
01:01:55,432 --> 01:01:57,654
stone fire . She said the gun . He says 

1448
01:01:57,654 --> 01:02:00,000
welcome to the Marine Corps . So I got 

1449
01:02:00,000 --> 01:02:02,450
up at four AM and slogged it up 95 

1450
01:02:02,450 --> 01:02:04,394
which was closed . Uh , there were 

1451
01:02:04,394 --> 01:02:06,506
three state trooper checkpoints and I 

1452
01:02:06,506 --> 01:02:08,228
had to talk my way through the 

1453
01:02:08,228 --> 01:02:09,950
checkpoints with this horrible 

1454
01:02:09,950 --> 01:02:12,006
concussion . And at that point I was 

1455
01:02:12,006 --> 01:02:14,117
having really bad episodes of vertigo 

1456
01:02:14,117 --> 01:02:16,061
because of that damage . And I was 

1457
01:02:16,061 --> 01:02:18,061
having a hard time sitting up . I'd 

1458
01:02:18,061 --> 01:02:20,283
probably look drunk , but I had all the 

1459
01:02:20,283 --> 01:02:20,240
right passes and I talked my way 

1460
01:02:20,240 --> 01:02:22,129
through those things . Got to the 

1461
01:02:22,129 --> 01:02:24,018
pentagon and the senior staff had 

1462
01:02:24,018 --> 01:02:27,040
gathered outside the pit and it took us 

1463
01:02:27,040 --> 01:02:29,207
a little while to figure out well this 

1464
01:02:29,207 --> 01:02:31,207
isn't going to work . So we went to 

1465
01:02:31,207 --> 01:02:33,373
work at the Navy annex , which is just 

1466
01:02:33,373 --> 01:02:37,020
up the hill and I had , it's a strange 

1467
01:02:37,020 --> 01:02:39,020
honor but the honor of being in the 

1468
01:02:39,020 --> 01:02:42,460
room when the commandant came in with 

1469
01:02:42,460 --> 01:02:44,880
the CNO in a very big conference room , 

1470
01:02:44,890 --> 01:02:48,000
probably 50 75 people in their senior 

1471
01:02:48,000 --> 01:02:51,550
officers and civilians waiting for this 

1472
01:02:51,550 --> 01:02:54,810
meeting to occur set for seven a.m. The 

1473
01:02:54,810 --> 01:02:56,754
Navy had taken a direct hit . Navy 

1474
01:02:56,754 --> 01:02:58,699
Operations Center was on the first 

1475
01:02:58,699 --> 01:03:00,699
floor and we knew that the Navy was 

1476
01:03:00,699 --> 01:03:02,921
gonna lose people , we didn't know what 

1477
01:03:02,921 --> 01:03:04,866
the number was . And when the door 

1478
01:03:04,866 --> 01:03:07,580
opened and the protocol is , four star 

1479
01:03:07,580 --> 01:03:09,691
comes in room , you get up , you snap 

1480
01:03:09,691 --> 01:03:11,969
to attention even if you're a civilian , 

1481
01:03:12,200 --> 01:03:14,830
I did my best when the door opened in 

1482
01:03:14,830 --> 01:03:17,670
the comment and seeing , okay man and 

1483
01:03:17,680 --> 01:03:19,902
the cno walked to the head of the table 

1484
01:03:19,902 --> 01:03:22,530
and slammed his folio on the table and 

1485
01:03:22,530 --> 01:03:25,700
said , I want to know who did this and 

1486
01:03:25,700 --> 01:03:27,644
I want to know what we're gonna do 

1487
01:03:27,644 --> 01:03:30,990
about it . Yeah , that's what the next 

1488
01:03:30,990 --> 01:03:33,212
day was like . And every day after that 

1489
01:03:33,700 --> 01:03:35,533
people came to work in a burning 

1490
01:03:35,533 --> 01:03:38,930
building to make sure it got done . So 

1491
01:03:39,300 --> 01:03:41,610
that's public service . That means 

1492
01:03:41,610 --> 01:03:44,540
something and I challenge each of you 

1493
01:03:44,540 --> 01:03:46,707
to find something meaningful enough in 

1494
01:03:46,707 --> 01:03:48,929
your lives that you would go to work in 

1495
01:03:48,929 --> 01:03:51,151
a burning building to make sure it gets 

1496
01:03:51,151 --> 01:03:54,680
done . Mm . Great . 

1497
01:03:54,690 --> 01:03:57,490
Thank you so much for that question . 

1498
01:03:57,500 --> 01:04:00,100
Um , our final question goes to Nick . 

1499
01:04:00,110 --> 01:04:02,910
Um , as Illini um , school of public 

1500
01:04:02,910 --> 01:04:06,050
policy at Georgetown nick are you ? So 

1501
01:04:06,050 --> 01:04:09,950
what ? That's , Yeah . Yes , I'm still 

1502
01:04:09,950 --> 01:04:12,410
here . Thank you and really not not as 

1503
01:04:12,410 --> 01:04:14,730
much of a question . More of a comment . 

1504
01:04:14,740 --> 01:04:16,907
I just wanted to again , thank all the 

1505
01:04:16,907 --> 01:04:19,073
panelists like everyone else and , and 

1506
01:04:19,073 --> 01:04:21,730
just , and just to reinforce , I know 

1507
01:04:21,740 --> 01:04:23,907
you know , the best way to continue to 

1508
01:04:23,907 --> 01:04:26,920
remember is just continue to serve . Um , 

1509
01:04:26,930 --> 01:04:29,110
I just wanted an opportunity to thank 

1510
01:04:29,120 --> 01:04:31,500
um you know , everyone here then 

1511
01:04:31,500 --> 01:04:34,630
everyone duty civilians , Active duty 

1512
01:04:34,630 --> 01:04:37,180
military uh that 9 11 , even though I 

1513
01:04:37,180 --> 01:04:40,550
was young , my father was in New york 

1514
01:04:40,550 --> 01:04:43,270
city at the time . Uh and it was the 

1515
01:04:43,270 --> 01:04:45,730
single most important event that 

1516
01:04:45,740 --> 01:04:48,380
inspired me to serve and and still 

1517
01:04:48,380 --> 01:04:50,380
today keeps me serving because it's 

1518
01:04:50,380 --> 01:04:52,491
always a constant reminder that there 

1519
01:04:52,491 --> 01:04:54,491
are enemies who want to destroy the 

1520
01:04:54,491 --> 01:04:56,491
United States and there needs to be 

1521
01:04:56,491 --> 01:04:58,324
people to stand up and serve and 

1522
01:04:58,324 --> 01:05:00,547
protect . So that's really all I wanted 

1523
01:05:00,547 --> 01:05:02,980
to say , thank you very much . Great , 

1524
01:05:02,990 --> 01:05:06,670
thank you nick , nick , that's not over 

1525
01:05:06,670 --> 01:05:09,580
yet . Right ? There are people out 

1526
01:05:09,580 --> 01:05:11,524
there who want to kill you because 

1527
01:05:11,524 --> 01:05:13,469
you're american . We got to see it 

1528
01:05:13,469 --> 01:05:15,920
first hand here , that is not over yet . 

1529
01:05:16,590 --> 01:05:19,090
And we'll be off this stage me sooner 

1530
01:05:19,090 --> 01:05:21,034
than cassandra cause she's so much 

1531
01:05:21,034 --> 01:05:23,257
younger than me , but we'll be off this 

1532
01:05:23,257 --> 01:05:25,257
stage and people like us will be in 

1533
01:05:25,257 --> 01:05:27,312
these jobs and there might be people 

1534
01:05:27,312 --> 01:05:29,534
like you don't forget that and don't be 

1535
01:05:29,534 --> 01:05:32,350
naive do not underestimate . And that 

1536
01:05:32,350 --> 01:05:34,406
was one thing I remember learning is 

1537
01:05:34,406 --> 01:05:36,628
like how could that happen ? You know , 

1538
01:05:36,628 --> 01:05:38,794
it's like , and they said , well , you 

1539
01:05:38,794 --> 01:05:40,906
know , you plan for contingencies and 

1540
01:05:40,906 --> 01:05:43,100
plan A and Plan B and Plan C . and 

1541
01:05:43,100 --> 01:05:46,290
these terrorists in 9 11 , 20 years ago 

1542
01:05:46,350 --> 01:05:48,610
they did the 

1543
01:05:49,590 --> 01:05:51,960
unthinkable and what we just couldn't 

1544
01:05:51,960 --> 01:05:54,190
figure out . And the sad thing was 

1545
01:05:54,200 --> 01:05:57,990
there were so many little pieces and 

1546
01:05:57,990 --> 01:06:00,930
warnings that nobody could connect the 

1547
01:06:00,930 --> 01:06:04,070
dots and say oh my God this is what's 

1548
01:06:04,070 --> 01:06:07,370
happening red alert . So hopefully now 

1549
01:06:07,370 --> 01:06:09,980
we've learned that you work together , 

1550
01:06:09,990 --> 01:06:13,450
it's a team , the expertise is there 

1551
01:06:13,460 --> 01:06:16,430
and we've got to get keep keep the rice 

1552
01:06:16,430 --> 01:06:19,600
bowls out and the stove pipes and 

1553
01:06:20,180 --> 01:06:23,840
cross fertilize with our intel . 

1554
01:06:25,480 --> 01:06:28,670
Thank you very much . Team . That's 

1555
01:06:28,670 --> 01:06:31,700
about all we have for today . I want to 

1556
01:06:31,700 --> 01:06:34,000
thank you all for taking the time out 

1557
01:06:34,010 --> 01:06:36,590
of your schedules to uh spend some time 

1558
01:06:36,590 --> 01:06:39,050
with with us . This is a part of our 

1559
01:06:39,050 --> 01:06:41,360
healing process as well . Um We get to 

1560
01:06:41,360 --> 01:06:44,950
tell our stories and um but it helps us 

1561
01:06:44,950 --> 01:06:47,470
heal because um we're able to educate 

1562
01:06:47,470 --> 01:06:49,303
the younger generation . I think 

1563
01:06:49,303 --> 01:06:51,526
somebody said they were four months old 

1564
01:06:51,526 --> 01:06:54,200
when 9 11 happened . Um One person said 

1565
01:06:54,200 --> 01:06:57,920
they were five uh you know uh the 

1566
01:06:57,920 --> 01:07:01,280
pentagon survivors . Um we're most most 

1567
01:07:01,280 --> 01:07:03,600
of us are close to retirement age . So 

1568
01:07:03,610 --> 01:07:06,460
um we want to tell these stories as 

1569
01:07:06,460 --> 01:07:09,100
much as possible . Um I want to thank 

1570
01:07:09,100 --> 01:07:12,960
dr Lastman and MS Johnson and 

1571
01:07:12,960 --> 01:07:15,780
mr whole thank you so very much for 

1572
01:07:15,780 --> 01:07:17,960
taking time out of your busy schedule 

1573
01:07:17,970 --> 01:07:20,410
uh to be with us to tell the story . 

1574
01:07:20,420 --> 01:07:23,020
And then finally I want to thank on my 

1575
01:07:23,020 --> 01:07:26,140
team . Mr john is in Evanston . He's 

1576
01:07:26,140 --> 01:07:29,700
the individual um that connected you to 

1577
01:07:29,710 --> 01:07:33,030
these pentagon survivors into R . D . D . 

1578
01:07:33,030 --> 01:07:35,470
O . D . Historian . So with that 

1579
01:07:35,480 --> 01:07:38,570
everybody thank you again , um , reach 

1580
01:07:38,570 --> 01:07:40,459
out to us . If you have any other 

1581
01:07:40,459 --> 01:07:42,570
questions , Jonathan will be reaching 

1582
01:07:42,570 --> 01:07:44,626
out to your schools again . Um , for 

1583
01:07:44,626 --> 01:07:46,848
some other opportunities I'm related to 

1584
01:07:46,848 --> 01:07:49,070
9.11 . Thank you . And everybody have a 

1585
01:07:49,070 --> 01:07:51,100
good day . Bye bye .