WEBVTT 00:00.140 --> 00:02.600 For a quarter century now , we've been 00:02.600 --> 00:04.489 in the business of developing and 00:04.489 --> 00:06.600 promulgating new ideas about national 00:06.600 --> 00:08.656 defense , new ideas about policy and 00:08.656 --> 00:10.970 strategy , concepts and capabilities 00:10.980 --> 00:12.869 and budgets and resource is . And 00:12.869 --> 00:15.091 throughout our history , we have sought 00:15.091 --> 00:17.258 to be an independent , objective voice 00:17.258 --> 00:19.369 promoting innovative solutions to the 00:19.369 --> 00:21.536 nation's problems . Given that focus , 00:21.536 --> 00:23.536 it's altogether appropriate that we 00:23.536 --> 00:25.702 welcome secretary asked for here today 00:25.702 --> 00:25.680 to speak about future defense 00:25.680 --> 00:27.847 modernization priorities . So I'd like 00:27.847 --> 00:29.847 to turn the floor over to Secretary 00:29.847 --> 00:31.958 Esper for his remarks , followed by a 00:31.958 --> 00:34.069 discussion Secretary expert . Welcome 00:34.069 --> 00:35.560 to C S P . A . It's 00:39.240 --> 00:42.920 mhm . Well , good afternoon , everyone . 00:42.920 --> 00:45.142 And thank you , Dr Minkin . Tom , Thank 00:45.142 --> 00:47.660 you for that kind introduction and for 00:47.660 --> 00:49.660 moderating the discussion after I'm 00:49.660 --> 00:51.827 done . So it's great to be back . It's 00:51.827 --> 00:53.938 been some time , and I'm pleased that 00:53.938 --> 00:56.160 we could do this today . So it is great 00:56.160 --> 00:58.104 again to be here at the Center for 00:58.104 --> 01:00.216 Strategic and Budgetary Assessments , 01:00.216 --> 01:02.216 whose nonpartisan research has been 01:02.216 --> 01:04.049 instrumental in shaping national 01:04.049 --> 01:06.104 security decisions for more than two 01:06.104 --> 01:08.104 decades . In the years to come , we 01:08.104 --> 01:10.327 will need your expertise more than ever 01:10.340 --> 01:12.118 as we continue to implement the 01:12.118 --> 01:14.118 national defense strategy and adapt 01:14.118 --> 01:16.118 United States military to an era of 01:16.118 --> 01:18.830 great power competition . As many of 01:18.830 --> 01:21.260 you know , we are doing so along three 01:21.260 --> 01:23.680 lines of effort . First building a more 01:23.680 --> 01:25.810 lethal force . Second , we're 01:25.810 --> 01:27.366 strengthening alliances and 01:27.366 --> 01:29.470 partnerships , and third , we're 01:29.470 --> 01:31.359 reforming the department to re re 01:31.359 --> 01:33.526 redirect our time , money and manpower 01:33.526 --> 01:35.880 to our highest priorities . I'd also 01:35.880 --> 01:38.210 add 1/4 line effort that is taking care 01:38.210 --> 01:40.043 of our service members and their 01:40.043 --> 01:43.180 families . As I reported last summer , 01:43.190 --> 01:45.412 I'm sorry . As I reported this summer , 01:45.412 --> 01:47.634 at my one year anniversary as secretary 01:47.634 --> 01:49.746 defense , we have made solid progress 01:49.746 --> 01:51.746 on these lines of effort , which we 01:51.746 --> 01:53.690 further distilled into 10 discrete 01:53.690 --> 01:56.560 objectives . These include tasks such 01:56.560 --> 01:59.430 as focusing the Department on China and 01:59.430 --> 02:01.208 designing a coordinated plan to 02:01.208 --> 02:03.370 strengthen allies and build partners 02:03.740 --> 02:06.750 and updating our keep war plans . It 02:06.750 --> 02:08.806 also extends to reforming the fourth 02:08.806 --> 02:10.861 estate , achieving a higher level of 02:10.861 --> 02:12.861 readiness and implementing enhanced 02:12.861 --> 02:15.110 operational concepts such as dynamic 02:15.110 --> 02:17.900 force employment . I've spoken about 02:17.900 --> 02:19.567 some of these accomplishments 02:19.567 --> 02:22.440 previously . Today I'd like to focus on 02:22.440 --> 02:24.880 another key objective . Our plans to 02:24.880 --> 02:27.700 modernize the force specifically are 02:27.700 --> 02:30.720 Great Navy . For more than seven 02:30.720 --> 02:32.776 decades , the United States Navy has 02:32.776 --> 02:35.460 maintained unmatched superiority on 02:35.470 --> 02:39.210 above , beneath and from the seas . But 02:39.210 --> 02:42.180 this wasn't always the case . After the 02:42.180 --> 02:44.460 Civil War , the United States Navy fell 02:44.460 --> 02:47.110 into decline at a stunning pace . Our 02:47.110 --> 02:49.166 nation's bloodiest war had taken its 02:49.166 --> 02:51.221 toll , and weary Americans sought to 02:51.221 --> 02:53.277 redirect . The country's resource is 02:53.277 --> 02:55.480 elsewhere . The size of the fleet 02:55.480 --> 02:57.647 plummeted from hundreds of vessels toe 02:57.647 --> 02:59.758 less than 50 and many of the ships in 02:59.758 --> 03:02.790 commission were in disrepair . For a 03:02.790 --> 03:05.290 maritime nation , the United States was 03:05.300 --> 03:07.740 ill prepared for a naval conflict . 03:09.040 --> 03:11.040 That is , until a new generation of 03:11.040 --> 03:13.096 innovators and four thinkers led the 03:13.096 --> 03:15.262 charge to rebuild the nation's fleet . 03:15.540 --> 03:17.707 At one end were strategic planners and 03:17.707 --> 03:20.070 theorists like Captain Alfred Thayer 03:20.070 --> 03:22.270 Mahan and his seminal work on the 03:22.280 --> 03:24.900 influence of sea power . At the other 03:24.900 --> 03:26.690 end were statesmen such as then 03:26.690 --> 03:28.468 assistant secretary of the Navy 03:28.468 --> 03:31.040 Theodore Roosevelt . Inspired by 03:31.040 --> 03:33.580 Mahan's writings , Roosevelt recognized 03:33.580 --> 03:35.310 the outsized impact of naval 03:35.310 --> 03:37.140 superiority and an increasingly 03:37.150 --> 03:39.890 interconnected world . As fate would 03:39.890 --> 03:42.001 have it , Roosevelt laters , ascended 03:42.001 --> 03:44.057 to the presidency and , along with a 03:44.057 --> 03:45.890 cadre of like minded leaders and 03:45.890 --> 03:48.057 partners in Congress , set the Navy on 03:48.057 --> 03:50.112 course to becoming the most advanced 03:50.112 --> 03:52.650 and powerful fleet in the world . We're 03:52.650 --> 03:54.830 at a similar historical crossroads 03:54.840 --> 03:57.880 today . Over the past several years , 03:58.200 --> 04:00.367 the department had to recover from the 04:00.367 --> 04:02.422 crippling effects of sequestration , 04:02.422 --> 04:04.200 inadequate funding , continuing 04:04.200 --> 04:06.390 resolutions and years of budget 04:06.390 --> 04:09.080 uncertainty . We also placed 04:09.090 --> 04:11.330 insufficient attention on the high end 04:11.330 --> 04:13.760 fight , which many believe was was 04:13.760 --> 04:17.460 behind us with the Cold War's end . The 04:17.460 --> 04:19.682 good news is that we're now on the road 04:19.682 --> 04:22.290 to recovery by first restoring the 04:22.290 --> 04:24.240 readiness of the current fleet and 04:24.240 --> 04:26.230 second by the vesting from legacy 04:26.230 --> 04:28.341 systems and lower properties in order 04:28.341 --> 04:31.580 to modernize the force . We're now at a 04:31.580 --> 04:34.220 point where we can and indeed , we must 04:34.840 --> 04:37.410 chart a new path to a future fleet that 04:37.410 --> 04:39.450 will maintain our naval superiority 04:39.560 --> 04:43.010 long into the future . Today , cutting 04:43.010 --> 04:45.121 edge technologies , air fundamentally 04:45.121 --> 04:47.232 altering the character of warfare and 04:47.232 --> 04:48.899 expanding the geometry of the 04:48.899 --> 04:51.190 battlefield in multiple ways in the 04:51.190 --> 04:53.040 maritime domain , artificial 04:53.040 --> 04:55.170 intelligence , autonomous systems , 04:55.180 --> 04:57.470 ubiquitous sensors and long range 04:57.470 --> 04:59.192 precision weapons will play an 04:59.192 --> 05:01.910 increasingly leading role in a future 05:01.920 --> 05:04.920 high end fight . Whoever harnesses 05:04.920 --> 05:06.976 these technologies first will have a 05:06.976 --> 05:09.580 clear advantage on the high seas free . 05:09.590 --> 05:12.210 Um , getting there ahead of everyone 05:12.210 --> 05:14.432 else demands a whole of nation effort , 05:15.040 --> 05:17.040 it will require innovative thinking 05:17.040 --> 05:19.096 back by first rate data analysis and 05:19.096 --> 05:21.262 modeling , such as the work done right 05:21.262 --> 05:24.360 here at C . S . B . A . It will require 05:24.360 --> 05:26.416 a modern industrial base and skilled 05:26.416 --> 05:28.700 workforce with a capacity to match our 05:28.700 --> 05:31.120 future needs . And it will require the 05:31.120 --> 05:33.500 same type of bold decision making that 05:33.500 --> 05:35.722 transformed the United States Navy from 05:35.722 --> 05:37.778 my fledgling 19th century fleet into 05:37.778 --> 05:39.970 the finalist Naval Force in history . 05:41.540 --> 05:43.818 The challenge before us today is clear . 05:44.440 --> 05:46.440 Near pier rivals , namely China and 05:46.440 --> 05:48.607 Russia , are rapidly modernizing their 05:48.607 --> 05:50.920 militaries in an effort to erode our 05:50.920 --> 05:53.031 longstanding advantages and shift the 05:53.031 --> 05:55.690 balance of power in their favor . They 05:55.690 --> 05:58.023 want to rewrite the international rules , 05:58.023 --> 06:00.190 especially in areas such as freedom of 06:00.190 --> 06:02.330 navigation and commerce , and are 06:02.330 --> 06:04.340 willing to do so at the expense of 06:04.340 --> 06:07.890 others . Moreover , Beijing and Moscow 06:07.890 --> 06:09.890 seek to undermine our military edge 06:09.890 --> 06:12.057 through precision , long range fires , 06:12.057 --> 06:14.800 anti access area denial systems and 06:14.810 --> 06:17.170 other asymmetric capabilities designed 06:17.230 --> 06:20.160 to counter our strengths . The Chinese 06:20.160 --> 06:22.104 Communist Party in particular , it 06:22.104 --> 06:24.271 tends to complete the modernization of 06:24.271 --> 06:27.020 its armed forces by 2035 and two filled 06:27.020 --> 06:30.060 a world class military by 2049 06:31.340 --> 06:33.620 at that time . Beijing wants to achieve 06:33.620 --> 06:35.842 parity with the United States Navy , if 06:35.842 --> 06:38.009 not exceed our capabilities in certain 06:38.009 --> 06:40.320 areas and offset are overmatched in 06:40.320 --> 06:43.150 several others . For instance , the PRC 06:43.150 --> 06:45.372 is investing in long range missiles and 06:45.372 --> 06:47.261 autonomous unmanned submarines it 06:47.261 --> 06:49.094 believes could be cost effective 06:49.094 --> 06:51.350 counters to conventional American naval 06:51.350 --> 06:55.210 power . Moreover , the CCP seeks 06:55.210 --> 06:57.432 control over critical waterways such as 06:57.432 --> 06:59.432 the South China Sea , to exert veto 06:59.432 --> 07:01.488 power over the economic and security 07:01.488 --> 07:03.290 decisions of smaller nations , 07:03.300 --> 07:05.450 fundamentally undermining their 07:05.450 --> 07:09.170 sovereignty and way of life Equally 07:09.170 --> 07:11.400 troubling , or the brazen destabilizing 07:11.400 --> 07:13.511 activities of the People's Liberation 07:13.511 --> 07:16.270 Army we are witnessing today to include 07:16.280 --> 07:18.391 sinking a Vietnamese fishing vessel , 07:18.780 --> 07:20.730 intimidating Malaysian oil and gas 07:20.730 --> 07:23.260 development , escorting Chinese fishing 07:23.260 --> 07:25.060 fleets into Indonesia's claimed 07:25.070 --> 07:27.510 exclusive economic zone , and 07:27.510 --> 07:29.399 militarizing occupied features in 07:29.399 --> 07:31.930 direct contravention commitments Under 07:31.930 --> 07:34.840 international law , this aggression 07:34.840 --> 07:36.673 would only grow worse should the 07:36.673 --> 07:38.673 Chinese Communist Party achieve its 07:38.673 --> 07:40.930 stated modernization goals and build a 07:40.930 --> 07:43.390 military that can fully implement its 07:43.390 --> 07:46.450 nefarious plans . We cannot let that 07:46.450 --> 07:50.260 happen . That is why earlier this 07:50.260 --> 07:52.371 year , I charged the deputy secretary 07:52.371 --> 07:54.427 defense to lead a future naval Force 07:54.427 --> 07:56.482 study that would assess an ambitious 07:56.482 --> 07:58.880 range of future fleet options designed 07:58.880 --> 08:00.991 to maintain our overmatch in this new 08:00.991 --> 08:03.620 era of great power competition long 08:03.620 --> 08:06.440 into the future . The Navy Marine Corps 08:06.440 --> 08:08.218 Joint Staff , the Office of the 08:08.218 --> 08:10.320 Secretary Defense a swells outside 08:10.320 --> 08:13.010 advisers conducted a comprehensive cost 08:13.010 --> 08:15.060 constrained and threat informed 08:15.070 --> 08:17.126 assessment aligned with the national 08:17.126 --> 08:20.100 defense strategy . First , the team 08:20.100 --> 08:22.100 examined our current naval forces . 08:22.350 --> 08:24.670 Second , they assessed China's future 08:25.140 --> 08:28.210 construction . Next , they explored 08:28.210 --> 08:29.988 three force options in order to 08:29.988 --> 08:32.210 evaluate a variety of platforms for the 08:32.210 --> 08:34.480 future flight fight . And finally , 08:34.490 --> 08:36.379 they modeled and war game . These 08:36.379 --> 08:38.490 options . Analyzing the strengths and 08:38.490 --> 08:40.712 weaknesses of each combination of ships 08:40.712 --> 08:42.934 against different future mission sets . 08:43.340 --> 08:45.507 The team's findings are insightful and 08:45.507 --> 08:47.507 serve as an enduring framework that 08:47.507 --> 08:49.451 will drive a major shift in how we 08:49.451 --> 08:51.740 design , build and sustain our fleet 08:51.750 --> 08:53.760 and conduct naval operations in the 08:53.760 --> 08:57.090 years and decades to come . The results 08:57.090 --> 08:59.201 will enable the department to achieve 08:59.201 --> 09:01.201 our objectives in a timely and cost 09:01.201 --> 09:03.423 effective manner , balancing tomorrow's 09:03.423 --> 09:06.980 threats with today's readiness . In 09:06.980 --> 09:08.980 February , I made a commitment to 09:08.980 --> 09:10.924 Congress that the department would 09:10.924 --> 09:13.190 submit this year the Future Naval Force 09:13.190 --> 09:15.650 Study and the 30 year Shipbuilding Plan , 09:15.950 --> 09:18.006 which is informed by the findings of 09:18.006 --> 09:20.700 the study . The coat though delayed by 09:20.700 --> 09:22.770 co vid , we're in the process of 09:22.770 --> 09:24.937 fulfilling that promise through proper 09:24.937 --> 09:26.826 coordination , beginning with our 09:26.826 --> 09:28.881 partners in the Office of Management 09:28.881 --> 09:31.180 and Budget . In the near future , we 09:31.190 --> 09:33.190 aim to release the 30 year plan and 09:33.190 --> 09:35.640 provide the study to Congress . But 09:35.640 --> 09:38.760 today I want to discuss the outlines of 09:38.760 --> 09:42.550 our proposed battle force 2045 that is 09:42.550 --> 09:44.990 derived from the future Naval Force 09:45.000 --> 09:48.910 study . More work needs to be done in 09:48.910 --> 09:51.210 some specific areas , and the future 09:51.210 --> 09:53.480 fleet I will describe will be further 09:53.480 --> 09:55.710 refined As joint operational plans are 09:55.710 --> 09:58.030 approved , enhanced readiness and 09:58.030 --> 10:00.141 deployment concepts are implemented , 10:00.240 --> 10:03.470 advanced technologies emerge and a new 10:03.470 --> 10:05.850 all domain joint warfighting doctrine . 10:06.240 --> 10:08.040 Another one of our top 10 NDS 10:08.040 --> 10:11.990 objectives is adopted . However , as we 10:11.990 --> 10:14.101 look toward the future , if we are to 10:14.101 --> 10:16.212 sustain a free and open international 10:16.212 --> 10:18.970 order in the years ahead while also 10:18.970 --> 10:21.270 guaranteeing victory in a high end 10:21.270 --> 10:23.590 fight , should deterrence fell , we 10:23.590 --> 10:26.240 propose a future fleet that optimizes 10:26.250 --> 10:28.370 the following core operational 10:28.380 --> 10:32.300 attributes first distributed 10:32.300 --> 10:35.030 lethality and awareness second 10:35.340 --> 10:37.620 survivability in a high intensity 10:37.650 --> 10:41.010 conflict . Third adaptability for a 10:41.010 --> 10:44.610 complex world fourth ability to project 10:44.610 --> 10:46.760 power , control the seas and 10:46.760 --> 10:49.720 demonstrate presence and fifth 10:50.010 --> 10:52.232 capability to deliver precision effects 10:52.232 --> 10:55.860 at very long range is at the same time 10:56.240 --> 10:57.962 the fleet design must meet the 10:57.962 --> 11:00.129 following non warfighting requirements 11:00.340 --> 11:02.451 affordable in an era of tight budgets 11:03.040 --> 11:05.730 sustainable over the long term and 11:05.740 --> 11:07.796 operationally ready and available at 11:07.796 --> 11:11.520 higher rates . Battle 11:11.520 --> 11:14.860 Force 2045 calls for a more balanced 11:14.860 --> 11:18.500 navy of over 500 manned and 11:18.510 --> 11:21.870 unmanned ships . Further , we will 11:21.870 --> 11:25.540 reach 355 traditional battle 11:25.540 --> 11:29.420 force ships prior to 2035 the time in 11:29.420 --> 11:32.180 which the PRC aims to fully modernize 11:32.190 --> 11:34.850 its military . And most importantly , 11:35.100 --> 11:37.420 we now have a credible path for 11:37.420 --> 11:41.160 reaching 355 plus ships in an era 11:41.840 --> 11:45.790 fiscal constraint . Under our proposal , 11:46.040 --> 11:49.000 Battle Force 2045 will possess the 11:49.000 --> 11:52.980 following characteristics first , a 11:52.980 --> 11:55.660 larger and more capable submarine force . 11:56.940 --> 11:59.107 The study reached a clear consensus on 11:59.107 --> 12:01.620 the need to rapidly increase of attack 12:01.620 --> 12:04.200 submarines , the most survivable strike 12:04.200 --> 12:06.033 platform in a future great power 12:06.033 --> 12:09.740 conflict to the range of 70 to 80 in 12:09.740 --> 12:13.360 the fleet . If we do 12:13.360 --> 12:16.020 nothing else , the Navy must begin 12:16.020 --> 12:18.290 building three Virginia class 12:18.290 --> 12:20.512 submarines a year as soon as possible . 12:21.740 --> 12:24.090 Additionally , we intend to refuel the 12:24.090 --> 12:26.510 seventh Los Angeles class submarine and 12:26.510 --> 12:28.510 continue investing in the future . 12:28.510 --> 12:31.370 Attack submarine S S N X . 12:32.190 --> 12:33.968 Meanwhile , we will continue to 12:33.968 --> 12:35.801 modernize the undersea strategic 12:35.801 --> 12:38.650 deterrent , the most survivable leg of 12:38.650 --> 12:42.460 the new nuclear Try it . Second , 12:43.040 --> 12:45.096 nuclear powered carriers will remain 12:45.096 --> 12:47.096 are most visible deterrent with the 12:47.096 --> 12:49.340 ability to project power and execute C 12:49.340 --> 12:53.030 control missions across the globe . And 12:53.030 --> 12:54.586 to continue enhancing their 12:54.586 --> 12:56.586 survivability and lethality , we're 12:56.586 --> 12:58.808 developing the air wing of the future , 12:58.808 --> 13:01.360 capable of engaging at extended ranges . 13:02.240 --> 13:04.230 At the same time , we continue to 13:04.230 --> 13:06.750 examine options for light carriers that 13:06.750 --> 13:08.840 support short takeoff or vertical 13:08.840 --> 13:11.720 landing aircraft . One model we're 13:11.720 --> 13:14.050 considering is the USS America that is 13:14.050 --> 13:16.870 equipped with more than a dozen F 35 Bs 13:17.940 --> 13:19.773 like carriers provide additional 13:19.773 --> 13:21.940 presence and capacity to carry out day 13:21.940 --> 13:23.829 to day missions and free up super 13:23.829 --> 13:25.930 carriers for more critical high end 13:25.930 --> 13:29.240 fights . While we anticipate that 13:29.240 --> 13:31.920 additional study will be required to 13:31.920 --> 13:34.340 assess the proper high low mix of 13:34.340 --> 13:37.640 carriers , 8 to 11 nuclear 13:37.650 --> 13:40.770 carriers will be necessary to execute a 13:40.770 --> 13:42.830 high end conflict and maintain our 13:42.830 --> 13:45.960 global presence , with up to six like 13:45.960 --> 13:49.950 carriers joining them . Third , 13:50.740 --> 13:53.050 our future force will comprise between 13:53.050 --> 13:56.960 140 to 240 . Unmanned and 13:56.970 --> 13:58.970 optionally manned surface and 13:58.970 --> 14:01.570 subsurface vis vessels of all types 14:02.640 --> 14:04.696 with the potential to perform a wide 14:04.696 --> 14:06.807 range of missions , from resupply and 14:06.807 --> 14:09.029 surveillance to mind laying and missile 14:09.029 --> 14:11.870 strikes thes another blur of 14:11.870 --> 14:13.870 distributed maritime operations . 14:14.640 --> 14:16.670 Moreover , they will they will add 14:16.670 --> 14:18.670 significant offensive and defensive 14:18.670 --> 14:20.620 capabilities to the fleet at an 14:20.620 --> 14:23.030 affordable cost in terms of both 14:23.030 --> 14:26.010 sailors and dollars . Earlier this 14:26.010 --> 14:27.843 month , the Sea Hunter prototype 14:27.843 --> 14:29.899 completed operations with the US S . 14:29.899 --> 14:32.010 Russell , demonstrating that unmanned 14:32.010 --> 14:34.066 surface vehicles are technologically 14:34.066 --> 14:36.177 feasible and operationally valuable . 14:37.440 --> 14:40.370 Fourth , the future fleet will contain 14:40.380 --> 14:42.760 MAWR and smaller surface combatants . 14:43.740 --> 14:45.518 Study results indicate that the 14:45.518 --> 14:48.160 introduction of 60 to 70 smaller 14:48.160 --> 14:50.382 combatants into the fleet will not only 14:50.382 --> 14:52.230 increase capacity to conduct 14:52.230 --> 14:54.450 distributed maritime operations , but 14:54.450 --> 14:56.820 it will also free other critical assets 14:56.870 --> 14:59.370 for more efficient mission distribution . 15:01.740 --> 15:03.851 As a preview of where we are headed . 15:03.851 --> 15:06.018 Earlier this year , the Navy awarded a 15:06.018 --> 15:08.220 $795 million contract to purchase the 15:08.220 --> 15:10.520 first ship of a new class of guided 15:10.520 --> 15:12.820 missile frigates , with an option to 15:12.820 --> 15:15.680 purchase nine mawr totalling $5.6 15:15.680 --> 15:18.910 billion . This is the first new major 15:18.910 --> 15:20.799 shipbuilding program the navy has 15:20.799 --> 15:22.854 sought in more than a decade on will 15:22.854 --> 15:24.799 support the full range of military 15:24.799 --> 15:28.640 options . Fifth , sufficient strategic 15:28.640 --> 15:31.050 lift and logistics vessels are key to 15:31.050 --> 15:32.939 the sustainability of distributed 15:32.939 --> 15:36.480 operations . Initial estimates identify 15:36.480 --> 15:39.590 the need for 70 70 to 90 combat 15:39.590 --> 15:41.680 logistic ships , but further work is 15:41.680 --> 15:43.847 underway to determine if the number of 15:43.847 --> 15:45.736 logistic ships forecasted in this 15:45.736 --> 15:47.791 report are sufficient for the future 15:47.791 --> 15:50.610 fight . Our shipbuilding report will 15:50.620 --> 15:52.740 also address our sealift plans to 15:52.740 --> 15:54.851 ensure ground combat forces could get 15:54.851 --> 15:56.740 to the fight on time and with 15:56.740 --> 16:00.270 sufficient combat power . Sixth , 16:01.640 --> 16:03.750 it will possess unmanned ship based 16:03.760 --> 16:06.700 aircraft of all types . The Navy must 16:06.700 --> 16:08.890 develop and deploy carrier based 16:09.160 --> 16:11.610 unmanned aircraft of all types . This 16:11.610 --> 16:13.900 includes fighters , Refuelers , early 16:13.900 --> 16:16.178 warning and electronic attack aircraft . 16:16.740 --> 16:18.851 While this was not analyzed in detail 16:18.851 --> 16:20.796 in the study , we will continue to 16:20.796 --> 16:22.962 assess the proper mix and range needed 16:22.962 --> 16:24.796 to overcome tomorrow's threats . 16:26.240 --> 16:28.860 Seventh and finally we will integrate 16:28.860 --> 16:32.000 the Marine Corps New Force design . The 16:32.000 --> 16:33.833 Marine Corps is currently in the 16:33.833 --> 16:35.722 process of implementing its force 16:35.722 --> 16:37.667 structure plan , and I support the 16:37.667 --> 16:39.889 comments vision to recalibrate to great 16:39.889 --> 16:42.056 power competition . As such , we see a 16:42.056 --> 16:44.222 need for MAWR amphibious warfare ships 16:44.440 --> 16:47.060 than previously planned in the 50 to 60 16:47.060 --> 16:49.227 range . But more work needs to be done 16:49.227 --> 16:52.800 in this area as well . The 16:52.800 --> 16:56.130 five operational attributes and three 16:56.140 --> 16:58.830 non warfighting imperatives I listed 16:58.830 --> 17:02.240 above will drive battle Force 45 to be 17:02.240 --> 17:05.220 a more lethal , survivable , adaptable , 17:05.230 --> 17:08.660 sustainable , modern and larger force 17:08.850 --> 17:12.000 that we have seen in many years . It 17:12.000 --> 17:14.760 will also be more balanced , a more 17:14.760 --> 17:16.871 balanced naval force that will have a 17:16.871 --> 17:18.816 greater number , a smaller surface 17:18.816 --> 17:20.927 combatants and unmanned or optionally 17:20.927 --> 17:22.920 manned ships , along with an ample 17:22.930 --> 17:25.290 submarine force and a modern strategic 17:25.290 --> 17:28.750 deterrent . It will also be able to 17:28.750 --> 17:30.880 deliver over overwhelming fires 17:30.880 --> 17:34.220 balanced across four domains from the 17:34.220 --> 17:37.390 air from the land from the sea and from 17:37.400 --> 17:40.690 under the sea . And it will align with 17:40.690 --> 17:42.690 the national defense strategy as we 17:42.690 --> 17:44.857 optimize , force posture and implement 17:44.857 --> 17:47.134 novel concepts that make us more agile , 17:47.140 --> 17:49.950 less predictable and fully capable of 17:49.950 --> 17:52.110 rapidly shifting to combat operations 17:52.120 --> 17:55.120 when needed . In the years and decades 17:55.120 --> 17:57.120 to come , the Navy and Marine Corps 17:57.120 --> 17:59.287 will serve even more prominently under 17:59.287 --> 18:01.540 battle Force 45 as an ever present , 18:01.550 --> 18:03.740 resilient and dominant fighting force 18:03.890 --> 18:06.210 that our adversaries . Adversaries dare 18:06.210 --> 18:09.320 not challenge . We will project power 18:09.320 --> 18:11.320 through long range fires or capable 18:11.320 --> 18:13.660 ships and next generation aircraft 18:13.710 --> 18:15.890 linked by advanced sensors and enabled 18:15.890 --> 18:18.240 by AI to stay ahead of the competition 18:18.240 --> 18:20.830 and retain our decisive overmatch for 18:20.830 --> 18:23.640 decades to come . We will employ 18:23.640 --> 18:25.473 Marines trained and equipped for 18:25.473 --> 18:27.529 littoral warfare , synchronized with 18:27.529 --> 18:29.640 unmanned systems and networked to the 18:29.640 --> 18:31.807 advanced weapons systems and firepower 18:31.807 --> 18:34.030 of the total force . And we will 18:34.030 --> 18:36.100 operate at the Ford edge of American 18:36.110 --> 18:38.400 interests is the Navy and Marine Corps 18:38.400 --> 18:40.730 team have always done providing a 18:40.730 --> 18:42.790 highly visible deterrent and 18:42.790 --> 18:45.680 positioning US toe win the joint fight 18:45.800 --> 18:49.520 at a moment's notice . Achieving battle 18:49.520 --> 18:52.000 Force 2045 over the long run will not 18:52.010 --> 18:54.930 be easy . Parochial interests , budget 18:54.930 --> 18:57.710 uncertainties , industrial capacity and 18:57.720 --> 18:59.776 other competing factors will contest 18:59.776 --> 19:02.360 our ambitions . So as we plan for the 19:02.360 --> 19:04.620 future , we would do well to learn from 19:04.620 --> 19:07.510 the past . Last week , I had the 19:07.510 --> 19:09.843 opportunity opportunity to visit Malton , 19:10.040 --> 19:11.929 whose partnership with the United 19:11.929 --> 19:14.151 States states back to the Revolutionary 19:14.151 --> 19:16.740 War in 18 043 US deployed one of its 19:16.740 --> 19:18.760 six original frigates , the U . S s 19:18.760 --> 19:20.930 Constitution , to Malta to combat 19:20.930 --> 19:23.920 piracy at the time the six frigates 19:23.920 --> 19:26.000 represented a remarkable whole of 19:26.000 --> 19:28.340 nation achievement for a country still 19:28.350 --> 19:31.620 in its infancy through the Navel Act of 19:31.620 --> 19:33.660 17 90 for Congress initiated the 19:33.660 --> 19:35.827 construction of what would soon become 19:35.827 --> 19:37.882 the core of the United States Navy . 19:38.040 --> 19:40.207 Instead of converting merchant vessels 19:40.207 --> 19:42.429 and warships , the final designs called 19:42.429 --> 19:44.651 for a more innovative approach to build 19:44.651 --> 19:47.080 the six craft from the kill up with 19:47.080 --> 19:49.136 features that would give these ships 19:49.136 --> 19:51.191 the power to dominate other frigates 19:51.191 --> 19:53.550 but also the speed toe outrun larger 19:53.550 --> 19:56.840 ships of the line . Moreover , rather 19:56.840 --> 19:58.951 than consolidate the manufacturing at 19:58.951 --> 20:01.062 one shipyard , Secretary of War Henry 20:01.062 --> 20:03.290 Knox advocated for six sites in six 20:03.290 --> 20:05.460 different states , with timber and 20:05.460 --> 20:07.682 other materials sourced from throughout 20:07.682 --> 20:10.120 the union . Standing up our nation's 20:10.130 --> 20:12.560 first fleet was as much an exercise in 20:12.560 --> 20:15.010 bolstering national defense as it was 20:15.010 --> 20:17.190 in promoting a diversified industrial 20:17.190 --> 20:20.000 base that drove economic growth and 20:20.010 --> 20:23.450 innovation across the country . We 20:23.450 --> 20:25.672 intend to pursue a similar approach for 20:25.672 --> 20:29.340 Battle Force 2045 . To 20:29.340 --> 20:31.562 start , we have charted a credible path 20:31.562 --> 20:34.690 to reaching 355 ships that works within 20:34.700 --> 20:37.790 riel world budget constraints through 20:37.790 --> 20:39.957 its own reviews and reforms . The Navy 20:39.957 --> 20:42.290 did good work these past several months , 20:42.290 --> 20:44.346 freeing up funds in the coming years 20:44.346 --> 20:46.346 for the building of new ships . The 20:46.346 --> 20:48.512 Navy must continue these initiatives . 20:48.512 --> 20:50.401 They are essential to ensuring an 20:50.401 --> 20:52.512 adequate shipbuilding account for the 20:52.512 --> 20:55.060 task ahead . Given the serious reform 20:55.060 --> 20:57.282 efforts put forward by the secretary of 20:57.282 --> 20:59.060 the Navy and the chief of naval 20:59.060 --> 21:01.004 operations and their commitment to 21:01.004 --> 21:03.004 continue them , I agreed to provide 21:03.004 --> 21:04.949 additional funding from across the 21:04.949 --> 21:06.782 Department of Defense enterprise 21:06.940 --> 21:09.162 funding that was harvested from ongoing 21:09.162 --> 21:11.080 reform efforts such as combatant 21:11.080 --> 21:13.136 Command reviews , fourth , the state 21:13.136 --> 21:15.070 reforms and other initiatives . 21:16.240 --> 21:18.360 Together , these additional funding 21:18.360 --> 21:20.527 streams will increase the shipbuilding 21:20.527 --> 21:23.720 account to 13% within the Navy's top 21:23.720 --> 21:26.830 line , matching the average percentage 21:26.840 --> 21:29.490 spent for new ships during President 21:29.490 --> 21:31.601 Reagan's buildup in the 19 eighties . 21:32.540 --> 21:34.707 Additionally , we will need assistance 21:34.707 --> 21:36.818 from Congress to achieve Battle Force 21:36.818 --> 21:40.800 45 To deliver this future fleet , we 21:40.800 --> 21:42.856 first need congressional support for 21:42.856 --> 21:45.022 sustained , predictable , adequate and 21:45.022 --> 21:47.580 timely budgets , which means no more 21:47.580 --> 21:51.120 continuing resolutions . Second , the 21:51.120 --> 21:53.287 department must be able to divest from 21:53.287 --> 21:55.176 legacy systems and lower priority 21:55.176 --> 21:57.120 activities and then redirect those 21:57.120 --> 22:00.400 savings to our highest priorities . And 22:00.400 --> 22:02.960 finally we request statutory authority 22:02.970 --> 22:05.160 to put unused and of your Navy funding 22:05.270 --> 22:07.437 directly into the shipbuilding account 22:07.440 --> 22:09.162 with appropriate congressional 22:09.162 --> 22:11.670 oversight instead of watching it expire . 22:12.840 --> 22:14.673 The combination of these funds , 22:14.673 --> 22:16.562 reforms and authorities will help 22:16.562 --> 22:19.260 ensure that Battle Force 2045 is 22:19.270 --> 22:22.870 completely resourced . Furthermore , 22:23.240 --> 22:25.073 with respect to our industry and 22:25.073 --> 22:27.296 private sector partners , we understand 22:27.296 --> 22:29.518 the challenges in building a robust and 22:29.518 --> 22:31.518 healthy industrial base with modern 22:31.518 --> 22:33.684 shipyards , quality infrastructure and 22:33.684 --> 22:36.270 highly skilled workers . I've met with 22:36.270 --> 22:38.440 and personally spoken to many industry 22:38.440 --> 22:40.650 leaders over the past year about these 22:40.650 --> 22:43.280 issues . We believe our proposal 22:43.280 --> 22:45.460 provides predictability for the supply 22:45.460 --> 22:48.040 chain topped the bottom along with the 22:48.040 --> 22:50.310 sustainable demand you need to invest 22:50.310 --> 22:53.660 in train and retain a Uh huh . 22:54.240 --> 22:56.250 Likewise , we will need industries 22:56.250 --> 22:58.083 support to fulfill our vision by 22:58.083 --> 23:00.139 delivering innovation on time and on 23:00.139 --> 23:02.940 budget . Investing in game changing 23:02.940 --> 23:04.910 technologies is another top 10 NDS 23:04.910 --> 23:07.150 objective upon which were making solid 23:07.150 --> 23:09.600 progress . Designing a future fleet 23:09.600 --> 23:11.433 built upon these next generation 23:11.433 --> 23:13.544 technologies and concepts is not just 23:13.544 --> 23:15.711 bold but imperative to maintaining our 23:15.711 --> 23:17.878 advantage . The keys to delivering the 23:17.878 --> 23:19.989 cutting edge technology leveraged buy 23:19.989 --> 23:22.970 battle Force 45 testing products , 23:23.440 --> 23:26.210 operational experimentation . On a 23:26.210 --> 23:28.099 recent trip to California , I saw 23:28.099 --> 23:30.154 firsthand how American entrepreneurs 23:30.154 --> 23:32.390 are doing just that as they advance the 23:32.390 --> 23:34.501 development of autonomous surface and 23:34.501 --> 23:36.810 undersea vehicles . We have already 23:36.810 --> 23:38.810 witnessed successful demonstrations 23:38.810 --> 23:40.780 with C Hunter . This was the extra 23:40.780 --> 23:43.100 large unmanned undersea vehicle , and 23:43.100 --> 23:44.989 we're planning training events to 23:44.989 --> 23:46.656 continue developing tactics , 23:46.656 --> 23:48.656 techniques and procedures for these 23:48.656 --> 23:51.110 platforms . We also recognize what has 23:51.110 --> 23:53.600 been the Navy's Achilles Hill shipyard 23:53.600 --> 23:56.300 capacity and maintenance delays . We 23:56.300 --> 23:58.411 cannot build and sustain our proposed 23:58.411 --> 24:00.467 fleet without the ability to service 24:00.467 --> 24:02.633 and repair a greater number of vessels 24:02.633 --> 24:05.200 in a more timely fashion passion . Nor 24:05.200 --> 24:07.250 can we sacrifice shipbuilding for 24:07.250 --> 24:09.760 maintenance . The objective is to have 24:09.760 --> 24:11.980 a many ships continuously at sea as 24:11.980 --> 24:14.800 possible to maintain a high level of 24:14.800 --> 24:18.150 readiness . We must do both . We can do 24:18.150 --> 24:21.670 both . We will continue our efforts to 24:21.670 --> 24:23.781 revitalize and expand the Navy's four 24:23.781 --> 24:25.948 shipyards while promoting partnerships 24:25.948 --> 24:27.837 with private shipyards across the 24:27.837 --> 24:29.670 country without pulling from the 24:29.670 --> 24:31.726 shipbuilding account . Yeah , to our 24:31.726 --> 24:33.660 friends right here it's CSB a and 24:33.660 --> 24:35.900 across think tanks and academia . We 24:35.900 --> 24:38.122 need your innovative research ideas and 24:38.122 --> 24:41.280 analysis to refine battle Force 2045 24:41.530 --> 24:43.752 our warfighting concepts , and to drive 24:43.752 --> 24:45.863 the decision points that will keep us 24:45.863 --> 24:49.420 ahead of the competition finally , 24:49.790 --> 24:51.901 to our allies and partners around the 24:51.901 --> 24:54.068 world , we will continue to uphold the 24:54.068 --> 24:56.140 international rules based order and 24:56.140 --> 24:58.640 norms that have benefited all of us for 24:58.640 --> 25:01.630 generations . Our Navy will continue to 25:01.630 --> 25:04.010 fly and sell and operate wherever 25:04.160 --> 25:07.160 international law allows . But as we 25:07.160 --> 25:09.700 invest MAWR into our armed forces , we 25:09.700 --> 25:12.030 need you to do the same . And we need 25:12.030 --> 25:15.200 you selling alongside us for the sake 25:15.200 --> 25:17.311 of our collective security and global 25:17.311 --> 25:20.460 stability . Over the past year , I 25:20.460 --> 25:22.627 visited with all types of U . S . Navy 25:22.627 --> 25:24.627 ships and units from submarines and 25:24.627 --> 25:26.980 destroyers , two aircraft carriers and 25:26.990 --> 25:29.310 large deck amphibious ships , including 25:29.310 --> 25:31.660 a variety of unmanned vessels as well . 25:32.310 --> 25:34.370 I can assure you that we command the 25:34.370 --> 25:36.870 best and most capable navy on this 25:36.870 --> 25:39.150 planet . Yeah , nations around the 25:39.150 --> 25:41.372 world look to us to preserve freedom of 25:41.372 --> 25:43.594 navigation , protect the global Commons 25:43.594 --> 25:45.706 and deter aggression from competitors 25:45.706 --> 25:48.390 and adversaries alike . Our brave 25:48.390 --> 25:50.612 sailors and Marines will continue to do 25:50.612 --> 25:52.668 so now and long into the future , so 25:52.668 --> 25:54.834 long as we deliver a future fleet that 25:54.834 --> 25:56.890 meets the needs of our great country 25:56.890 --> 25:58.834 and the demands of an increasingly 25:58.834 --> 26:01.050 complex security environment . If we 26:01.050 --> 26:03.106 can assemble the collective will and 26:03.106 --> 26:05.272 determination to see it through . I am 26:05.272 --> 26:08.740 confident Force 25 will maintain our 26:08.740 --> 26:10.960 maritime superiority far into the 26:10.960 --> 26:13.000 future and ensure the United States 26:13.000 --> 26:15.980 Navy remains the greatest in the world 26:16.030 --> 26:18.180 for generations to come . Thank you . 26:19.440 --> 26:20.440 Yeah . 26:24.640 --> 26:26.529 Well , thank you . Thank you , Mr 26:26.529 --> 26:28.751 Secretary , For those for those remarks 26:28.751 --> 26:32.690 and there's a there's a lot to dig into 26:32.700 --> 26:35.850 Onda . We've collected a number of 26:35.850 --> 26:38.850 questions , um , to kind of continue 26:38.850 --> 26:41.072 the conversation . But in fact , before 26:41.072 --> 26:44.220 I get to my list here , just I question 26:44.220 --> 26:46.920 really about you being here giving this 26:46.920 --> 26:49.510 speech about the future Navy E . I mean , 26:49.510 --> 26:52.090 I think my personal view is it's a It's 26:52.090 --> 26:55.360 a great thing when one service gets the 26:55.370 --> 26:57.537 gets the attention of the secretary of 26:57.537 --> 26:59.870 Defense , the big boss . But , you know , 26:59.870 --> 27:01.926 there's also sort of a narrative out 27:01.926 --> 27:03.926 there that this is how represents a 27:03.926 --> 27:05.926 failure of the Navy or or something 27:05.926 --> 27:08.037 like that . I What ? What message are 27:08.037 --> 27:09.814 you trying to send by by really 27:09.814 --> 27:12.660 personally delivering this ? This this 27:12.660 --> 27:15.450 message about future e , I think , as I 27:15.450 --> 27:17.680 said , my remarks the Navy for 27:17.680 --> 27:19.900 generations has been absolutely 27:19.900 --> 27:22.240 critical . Thio national security and 27:22.240 --> 27:24.129 also the economic security of our 27:24.129 --> 27:26.018 country and will remain so in the 27:26.018 --> 27:28.240 future on the challenge before us is to 27:28.240 --> 27:31.360 maintain the greatest Navy in the world , 27:31.840 --> 27:35.220 and I recognize that I recognize that 27:35.220 --> 27:37.276 the secretary defense from Day one , 27:37.276 --> 27:39.276 which is why I made it a priority . 27:39.276 --> 27:41.387 It's not news to anyone that the Navy 27:41.387 --> 27:43.387 has wrestled with the challenges of 27:43.387 --> 27:45.870 maintenance , training and readiness . 27:45.880 --> 27:47.991 And so when I came in office , I made 27:47.991 --> 27:50.158 this a priority , working with the CNO 27:50.158 --> 27:52.213 at the time and the secretary of the 27:52.213 --> 27:54.047 Navy . And so that's why it's so 27:54.047 --> 27:56.213 incredibly important to me . It's also 27:56.213 --> 27:58.380 very important to the president . It's 27:58.380 --> 28:00.713 very important to the Congress . And so , 28:00.713 --> 28:03.550 uh , the ability for me to focus time , 28:04.140 --> 28:06.670 attention and effort on subjects as 28:06.670 --> 28:08.781 important to the nation's security as 28:08.781 --> 28:11.003 this is important . And so that's why I 28:11.003 --> 28:13.300 feel a personal responsibility . And , 28:13.300 --> 28:15.133 uh , it should not be taken as a 28:15.133 --> 28:17.356 message is just because I'm gonna bring 28:17.356 --> 28:19.522 it means it only on Li Ion behind it , 28:19.522 --> 28:21.660 not the case . We were panning glow 28:22.040 --> 28:25.610 with the entire Navy moon , 14 USB 28:25.610 --> 28:27.850 staff , others outside of the building 28:27.850 --> 28:31.590 as well , and the position I take and 28:31.600 --> 28:33.570 remarks that gave today are fully 28:33.570 --> 28:36.240 supported by by the Navy Marine Corps 28:36.240 --> 28:39.720 team , my team , uh , Cape 28:39.730 --> 28:42.600 LSD staff . We believe that this is the 28:42.600 --> 28:44.767 vision for the future that will ensure 28:44.767 --> 28:46.878 that we maintain the greatest navy in 28:46.878 --> 28:48.822 the world . And we can deliver the 28:48.822 --> 28:51.044 national security and economic security 28:51.044 --> 28:54.500 15 nights for decades to come . Uh , 28:54.510 --> 28:56.566 let me let me pick up on one of your 28:56.566 --> 28:58.621 one of your themes in your remarks , 28:58.621 --> 29:01.980 which is balance . And I know one of 29:01.980 --> 29:04.260 the challenges that you face , probably 29:04.260 --> 29:06.482 on a day to day basis . It's not like , 29:06.482 --> 29:08.593 you know , Weekly is is striking that 29:08.593 --> 29:11.730 balance between priority , that you 29:11.730 --> 29:14.550 outline modernization and day to day 29:14.560 --> 29:16.504 requirements and certainly when it 29:16.504 --> 29:18.616 comes to naval forces , Navy , Marine 29:18.616 --> 29:21.570 Corps , that zip , vory common 29:21.940 --> 29:24.570 consideration . How how do you think 29:24.570 --> 29:27.110 about striking that balance ? And how 29:27.110 --> 29:29.054 do you think we should think about 29:29.054 --> 29:31.166 striking that balance going forward ? 29:31.166 --> 29:32.888 Well , you touched upon a very 29:32.888 --> 29:35.054 important word that I emphasized a few 29:35.054 --> 29:36.999 times from our remarks , and we've 29:36.999 --> 29:39.110 talked about throughout the course of 29:39.110 --> 29:38.380 the last several months within the 29:38.380 --> 29:41.250 building that is a balanced force . And 29:41.250 --> 29:43.870 so that way , as we look at , uh , at 29:43.870 --> 29:45.759 the challenges ahead . And as the 29:45.759 --> 29:47.870 studies were conducted , we looked at 29:47.870 --> 29:50.410 How do you balance , uh , surface 29:50.420 --> 29:53.780 subsurface , uh , effects from from the 29:53.780 --> 29:55.891 air effects on the ground and what we 29:55.891 --> 29:58.058 came up with . The future Force Battle 29:58.058 --> 30:00.520 Force 24 45 is a more balanced force 30:00.530 --> 30:03.280 allows us to conduct all those missions 30:03.280 --> 30:05.660 that are critical to the Navy's success . 30:05.940 --> 30:08.107 And now the other issue you're tagging 30:08.107 --> 30:12.090 on is one that has has . It's been 30:12.090 --> 30:14.201 a constant challenge and has been for 30:14.201 --> 30:16.201 me and my predecessors . How do you 30:16.201 --> 30:20.060 balance today the rainiest today 30:20.070 --> 30:22.680 with investment in the future ? And 30:22.690 --> 30:24.690 clearly that has been a challenge , 30:24.690 --> 30:26.746 particularly with the Navy , because 30:26.746 --> 30:28.857 the demands placed on the sea service 30:28.857 --> 30:30.857 from the combatant commands as they 30:30.857 --> 30:32.634 face threats and challenges and 30:32.634 --> 30:34.746 competition . Whether it's in the end 30:34.746 --> 30:36.912 of Pacific , you call with the Centcom 30:36.912 --> 30:40.150 Naor , and so I had the privilege of 30:40.150 --> 30:42.460 seeing this tension as a service 30:42.460 --> 30:45.490 secretary and as I as I fleet it up as 30:45.490 --> 30:47.712 you will to the secretary defense job . 30:47.712 --> 30:49.823 I brought that background as well and 30:49.823 --> 30:51.934 made a commitment to make sure that I 30:51.934 --> 30:53.990 worked closely with the Navy uh , to 30:53.990 --> 30:56.212 help strike a better balance , one that 30:56.212 --> 30:58.157 will allow them to , uh , get on a 30:58.157 --> 31:01.130 better path to readiness . But the same 31:01.130 --> 31:03.970 time I make sure that we were doing the 31:03.980 --> 31:06.270 day to day business that was demanded . 31:06.270 --> 31:09.890 The combat commanders that said , a Z , 31:09.890 --> 31:12.112 the NBS , the national defense strategy 31:12.112 --> 31:14.279 tells us at the end of the day , while 31:14.279 --> 31:16.001 we have to do both , it's more 31:16.001 --> 31:18.450 important to prioritizing modernization 31:18.450 --> 31:20.580 and future readiness over the demands 31:20.580 --> 31:22.691 today . That's why we have identified 31:22.691 --> 31:24.802 economy , of course theaters , if you 31:24.802 --> 31:26.913 will . That is why I have conducted a 31:26.913 --> 31:29.024 series of combatant command reviews , 31:29.024 --> 31:31.900 motive to optimize our forces that are 31:31.900 --> 31:33.733 serving on the respective combat 31:33.733 --> 31:35.789 commanders and optimize them for the 31:35.789 --> 31:38.122 mission . So that could do a few things . 31:38.122 --> 31:40.067 Either redirect them to the end of 31:40.067 --> 31:41.956 Pacific , our property theater or 31:41.956 --> 31:44.310 return them back home to retrain , to 31:44.310 --> 31:46.780 refit , to build maintenance and radius . 31:46.790 --> 31:49.190 So that is the balance . That is the 31:49.200 --> 31:51.660 detention that I experience every day . 31:51.670 --> 31:54.890 I take good advice from all of my 31:54.890 --> 31:56.800 advisers , the Joint Chiefs , the 31:56.800 --> 31:59.720 chairman , OSD staff . But that is the 31:59.720 --> 32:01.942 thing that we continue to work on , and 32:01.942 --> 32:03.998 I think the Navy is on a good path , 32:03.998 --> 32:06.109 but we gotta be able to do both . And 32:06.109 --> 32:08.331 the planet we set forth today we'll ask 32:08.331 --> 32:10.840 Thio . Maintain that near term . Ready 32:10.840 --> 32:13.062 with this , we need to build the future 32:13.062 --> 32:15.118 fleet without creating a culminating 32:15.118 --> 32:17.680 that's the important . Well , thank you . 32:18.040 --> 32:21.200 You in laying out before 2045 you laid 32:21.200 --> 32:23.200 out an ambitious , some things that 32:23.200 --> 32:26.460 need to happen . And , um , I think he 32:26.460 --> 32:30.050 did a job of portraying just how 32:30.060 --> 32:33.500 how massive that that enterprises , uh , 32:33.510 --> 32:36.520 complete modernization , Uh , sea based 32:36.520 --> 32:38.520 nuclear deterrent , modernization , 32:38.520 --> 32:42.030 shipyards , new concepts , new new 32:42.030 --> 32:44.760 capabilities . And you talked a little 32:44.760 --> 32:47.890 bit about the barriers . Um , but I 32:47.890 --> 32:50.057 guess as you think about going forward 32:50.057 --> 32:52.168 and implementing that , you know that 32:52.168 --> 32:54.650 vision , How do you see the priorities 32:54.650 --> 32:56.594 within within that vision that the 32:56.594 --> 32:58.730 different components Okay , so well , 32:58.730 --> 33:00.670 first report us almost the most 33:00.680 --> 33:02.902 important things . We have to modernize 33:02.902 --> 33:05.013 the strategic try it not just the sea 33:05.013 --> 33:07.069 bass , but always to try it . And we 33:07.069 --> 33:09.180 have invested enormous sums and put a 33:09.180 --> 33:11.347 great deal of effort into that , and I 33:11.347 --> 33:13.458 update myself poorly from the team on 33:13.458 --> 33:15.569 our progress in terms of doing that . 33:15.569 --> 33:17.347 So we will force maintained the 33:17.347 --> 33:19.124 strategic leg . I'm sorry . The 33:19.124 --> 33:21.013 undersea leg of the Try it . It's 33:21.013 --> 33:23.124 almost survivable One . And I've , uh 33:23.124 --> 33:25.420 I've been up to of the shipyard to 33:25.430 --> 33:28.030 check on the progress , and , uh , so 33:28.030 --> 33:30.308 that will always be fired . Number one , 33:30.308 --> 33:32.610 party number two , then is as you look 33:32.610 --> 33:36.480 at and battle Force 2045 . I noted this 33:36.480 --> 33:38.258 in my remarks . There was clear 33:38.258 --> 33:40.313 consensus over months of study , and 33:40.313 --> 33:42.550 we're giving an analysis that we need 33:42.550 --> 33:44.717 to build mawr submarines , more attack 33:44.717 --> 33:47.910 submarines . And if we do nothing else , 33:47.910 --> 33:50.370 we should invest in attack submarines 33:50.380 --> 33:52.630 because of the fatalities they could 33:52.630 --> 33:55.310 deliver under the sea and survivability 33:55.320 --> 33:57.840 that they have a clear overmatch that 33:57.840 --> 33:59.784 we have when it comes the undersea 33:59.784 --> 34:02.007 domain and separates in particular . So 34:02.040 --> 34:04.150 that would be first party When you 34:04.150 --> 34:06.730 think about the conventional side of a 34:06.740 --> 34:09.380 battle , Force 2025 . Next , you gotta 34:09.380 --> 34:12.850 look at the ra lethal effects , 34:13.340 --> 34:15.451 and then we start talking about , you 34:15.451 --> 34:17.673 know , smaller surface combatants being 34:17.673 --> 34:19.729 ableto deliver those fires . The key 34:19.729 --> 34:21.820 thing we took about I take from the 34:21.820 --> 34:24.870 study and from my own , uh , my own 34:24.870 --> 34:28.070 work on these topics is that what's 34:28.080 --> 34:30.080 increasingly becoming more and more 34:30.080 --> 34:32.700 important is the ability to deliver a 34:32.710 --> 34:35.250 long range precision fires . 34:36.140 --> 34:39.750 Uh huh , Accurately in volume , 34:40.240 --> 34:44.100 uh , enabled by AI and link through 34:44.100 --> 34:47.640 ubiquitous sensors and 34:47.650 --> 34:50.420 networks to do that , That that is 34:50.420 --> 34:52.531 seems to be ascendant right now . And 34:52.531 --> 34:55.080 that will increase . We I I believe dr 34:55.090 --> 34:57.257 how we think about war fighting in the 34:57.257 --> 34:59.257 future and not just in the naval to 34:59.257 --> 35:02.560 make , but ultimately it in the air and 35:02.570 --> 35:05.640 ground domains . Well , but , uh , 35:05.650 --> 35:07.650 picking up on that , you talk about 35:07.650 --> 35:09.817 precision precision fires . You know , 35:09.817 --> 35:11.872 in your remarks , you you know , you 35:11.872 --> 35:13.817 referred to history , you know , a 35:13.817 --> 35:16.920 number of times , uh , history shows me 35:16.920 --> 35:18.860 or tells me that it's really 35:18.870 --> 35:20.940 operational problems . Operational 35:20.940 --> 35:23.540 challenges really service . The spur of 35:23.550 --> 35:26.360 of innovation . I know the 2018 MPs has 35:26.360 --> 35:28.304 its own with a list of operational 35:28.304 --> 35:30.304 problems . It's classified National 35:30.304 --> 35:32.527 Strategy Commission , which was part of 35:32.527 --> 35:34.582 our own list that was unclassified . 35:34.582 --> 35:36.804 More recently , there's been a proposal 35:36.804 --> 35:39.240 to say Well , we should adopt a goal of 35:39.250 --> 35:42.140 seeking large numbers of Chinese ships 35:42.140 --> 35:44.140 within the fixed , you know , short 35:44.140 --> 35:47.370 time period as a driver for innovation . 35:47.540 --> 35:49.429 E . Guess what What's what's your 35:49.429 --> 35:51.651 response to , Ah , proposal like that ? 35:51.651 --> 35:53.818 Narrowly , but mawr generally you know 35:53.818 --> 35:56.070 the need for some concrete problems . 35:56.070 --> 35:58.470 Thio drive us as we move forward , but 35:58.480 --> 36:00.690 you don't build a force whether it's a 36:00.700 --> 36:03.750 air ground , our naval force around a 36:03.750 --> 36:06.060 single scenario , if you will weigh , 36:06.060 --> 36:08.282 do know we need to build a force around 36:08.282 --> 36:10.227 behind a fight , and that includes 36:10.227 --> 36:12.393 multiple scenarios . But the Navy also 36:12.393 --> 36:14.338 has an ambitious mission said that 36:14.338 --> 36:16.504 includes , uh , peacetime activities . 36:16.504 --> 36:18.227 Competition activities have to 36:18.227 --> 36:20.560 demonstrate presence , forward presence , 36:20.560 --> 36:23.000 uh , ability to control sea lanes . 36:23.010 --> 36:25.890 Three Ability thio work with partners 36:25.890 --> 36:27.779 and allies . Do those things . So 36:27.779 --> 36:30.850 anyone ? Yeah , we have nearly 100 or 36:30.850 --> 36:33.570 so ships deployed doing these things . 36:33.580 --> 36:36.860 So , uh , you don't build a force 36:36.860 --> 36:39.850 around a single scenario that said way 36:39.850 --> 36:42.017 No , the challenges that are before us 36:42.017 --> 36:44.239 One of the things that I said I have to 36:44.239 --> 36:46.294 do is my top 10 list of implementing 36:46.294 --> 36:48.406 the NBS is to make sure we update our 36:48.406 --> 36:50.572 war plans , and we are well on the way 36:50.572 --> 36:52.572 to doing that . So it's a one thing 36:52.572 --> 36:54.628 we're making solid progress on , but 36:54.628 --> 36:56.683 the reviewing and updating war plans 36:56.683 --> 36:59.210 informs us of how the fight may look 36:59.220 --> 37:01.580 that that also is helpful in terms of 37:01.590 --> 37:03.630 framing up the future Fleet 37:03.640 --> 37:05.640 architectural . We also know , as I 37:05.640 --> 37:07.807 mentioned , that we're gonna develop a 37:07.807 --> 37:09.807 joint warfighting content that will 37:09.807 --> 37:11.751 additional change . So if we think 37:11.751 --> 37:13.918 about this , we think about how do you 37:13.918 --> 37:16.440 build a fleet that could do the full 37:16.450 --> 37:18.680 spectrum of operations from peacetime 37:18.680 --> 37:20.847 engagement all the way to the high end 37:20.847 --> 37:23.450 fight and make sure you can handle 37:23.450 --> 37:25.561 those difficulties scenarios and then 37:25.561 --> 37:27.617 get to think through what's the best 37:27.617 --> 37:31.260 way to do that ? My focused or and how 37:31.270 --> 37:33.437 might that fight play out ? And that's 37:33.437 --> 37:35.603 why I go back to we looked at . How do 37:35.603 --> 37:38.180 you deliver effects from the air from 37:38.180 --> 37:40.660 the ground from the and from under the 37:40.660 --> 37:42.680 sea ? And that's what drives you to 37:42.680 --> 37:45.420 this more balanced force , this battle 37:45.420 --> 37:48.240 Force 2045 that gives you the ability 37:48.240 --> 37:50.640 to deliver those effects lethal effects 37:50.650 --> 37:53.590 consistent with nds . Uh , any more 37:53.590 --> 37:56.500 survivable way of doing so to 37:56.500 --> 37:58.722 distribute offs , etcetera , etcetera . 37:58.722 --> 38:00.889 So that's kind of how we way . Look at 38:00.889 --> 38:03.000 the problems that , if you will thank 38:03.000 --> 38:05.222 you for that and let me let me actually 38:05.222 --> 38:07.167 Let me Let me let me push you on a 38:07.167 --> 38:10.990 scenario . Um so talk about China being 38:11.000 --> 38:13.167 priority and I think one of the one of 38:13.167 --> 38:15.167 the priority contingencies to think 38:15.167 --> 38:17.333 about when it when it comes Thio China 38:17.333 --> 38:20.670 has to do with Taiwan . Uh , only the 38:20.680 --> 38:22.624 military balance across the Taiwan 38:22.624 --> 38:25.000 Strait has has been shifting . Most 38:25.000 --> 38:26.760 recent military power report 38:27.120 --> 38:29.287 illustrates that in a number of ways , 38:29.287 --> 38:32.050 presumably this , you know , the future 38:32.050 --> 38:34.420 force will beam or more cake topping 38:34.420 --> 38:36.310 the attributes you talk about to 38:36.310 --> 38:38.421 include , You know , the battle Force 38:38.421 --> 38:40.740 2045 including every every other aspect 38:40.740 --> 38:42.810 of the joint force . E guess the 38:42.810 --> 38:45.550 question is , you know , if we move in 38:45.550 --> 38:49.280 this direction with these changes , are 38:49.290 --> 38:52.740 we going to be able to to prevail in a 38:52.750 --> 38:54.972 future in the future conflicts they get 38:54.972 --> 38:57.083 across the across the Taiwan Strait ? 38:57.420 --> 38:59.476 Well , look , I'm confident we would 38:59.476 --> 39:01.698 prevail today in any conflict , and I'm 39:01.698 --> 39:03.476 confident , certainly with this 39:03.476 --> 39:06.030 proposal , way will prevail in any 39:06.040 --> 39:08.470 future conflict . That's why way . 39:08.480 --> 39:10.670 That's why we continually look at the 39:10.680 --> 39:12.791 capacity and capabilities before it's 39:12.791 --> 39:14.958 not just the naval Force but the , you 39:14.958 --> 39:17.069 know , Native Marine Corps team . The 39:17.069 --> 39:19.236 Air Force , the Space Force . I looked 39:19.236 --> 39:21.291 at the ground forces , obviously the 39:21.291 --> 39:23.347 army . And then we get cyber all the 39:23.347 --> 39:25.458 other debates way . Look at so look , 39:25.458 --> 39:27.569 I'm fully confident that battle Force 39:27.569 --> 39:29.750 2045 will enable us to to prevail 39:29.750 --> 39:31.800 across all scenarios 39:31.810 --> 39:35.160 and it allows us to be 39:35.170 --> 39:37.350 victorious . Should be turned spell . 39:37.350 --> 39:39.300 But look , the key is so much that 39:39.310 --> 39:41.366 forces time we spent the competition 39:41.366 --> 39:43.760 Phase two . It's also important not to 39:43.760 --> 39:45.982 forget . And you know this from the NDS 39:45.982 --> 39:48.120 is we ? We look to our allies and 39:48.120 --> 39:50.720 partners to assist also and that's why 39:50.720 --> 39:52.831 my remarks , I said to our allies and 39:52.831 --> 39:55.053 partners , We need you . We need you to 39:55.053 --> 39:57.620 also make investments into your armed 39:57.620 --> 39:59.842 forces . And we need you out there with 39:59.842 --> 40:02.040 US training and controlling it and 40:02.050 --> 40:04.272 exercising and do those things that are 40:04.272 --> 40:07.040 important because we recognize China's 40:07.040 --> 40:09.096 direction and we know what we need . 40:09.096 --> 40:12.710 Todo And that's why battle Force 2045 40:12.720 --> 40:14.887 we want we want to be in a position by 40:14.887 --> 40:18.310 2045 to prevent conflict , and again if 40:18.310 --> 40:21.020 it deterrent spells toe win decisively 40:21.110 --> 40:23.110 because their goal was to have that 40:23.110 --> 40:25.340 world class military by 2049 right ? 40:25.810 --> 40:28.380 Well , picking up on that on allies , 40:28.390 --> 40:30.860 allies Kiki , tenant of the National 40:30.860 --> 40:33.200 Defense Strategy key to our success for 40:33.200 --> 40:35.890 all Andi need for them . 40:35.890 --> 40:39.050 Thio share some of the burden to 40:39.050 --> 40:41.217 participate more fully . I want to ask 40:41.217 --> 40:43.780 about kind of how we you know how we do 40:43.780 --> 40:46.700 that way have a foreign military sales 40:46.710 --> 40:49.030 system . I guess the question is , you 40:49.030 --> 40:51.197 know , in the future with the types of 40:51.197 --> 40:53.197 things that you're envisioning , is 40:53.197 --> 40:55.860 there more scope for thinking about a 40:55.860 --> 40:58.260 new increase in commercial acquisition 40:58.260 --> 41:01.160 programs ? Uh , you know , innovative 41:01.170 --> 41:03.226 ways for us to work closely with our 41:03.226 --> 41:06.170 with our allies . Uh , developing these 41:06.180 --> 41:08.347 capabilities collectively are going to 41:08.347 --> 41:10.458 need after future . Sure . Well , let 41:10.458 --> 41:12.569 me let me work from the macro down my 41:12.569 --> 41:14.680 crowing and get your answer here in a 41:14.680 --> 41:16.810 minute or so . So another one of the 41:16.810 --> 41:19.510 top 10 objectives for the NDS . And by 41:19.510 --> 41:21.990 the way , I made clear , uh , my top 41:21.990 --> 41:23.768 party would be implementing the 41:23.768 --> 41:25.879 national defense strategy and we made 41:25.879 --> 41:27.990 great progress . I laid that out this 41:27.990 --> 41:29.990 summer , and then we continue every 41:29.990 --> 41:32.323 week . As as the entire leadership team , 41:32.323 --> 41:34.546 military and civilian like meets update 41:34.546 --> 41:36.712 ourselves on progress being made . One 41:36.712 --> 41:38.601 of those top 10 objectives was to 41:38.601 --> 41:41.550 develop a comprehensive strategy . Thio 41:41.560 --> 41:43.727 build our allies and partners . And so 41:43.727 --> 41:45.893 what we were looking at in that area , 41:45.893 --> 41:47.949 if you will , is everything from key 41:47.949 --> 41:50.116 leader engagements as we go overseas . 41:50.116 --> 41:52.227 Key leader engagements here in United 41:52.227 --> 41:54.338 States I just left a meeting with the 41:54.338 --> 41:56.338 Bulgarian minister of Defense where 41:56.338 --> 41:58.449 we're talking about how do we bolster 41:58.449 --> 42:00.560 the southern flank of NATO ? Azzawi . 42:00.560 --> 42:02.560 Look a repositioning our forces and 42:02.560 --> 42:04.282 doing other things . So Keeley 42:04.282 --> 42:06.504 engagements . How do we get more of our 42:06.504 --> 42:08.616 allies and partners into professional 42:08.616 --> 42:10.504 military education is part of the 42:10.504 --> 42:12.616 program . How do we do those things ? 42:12.616 --> 42:14.920 Um , training and exercises . Another 42:14.920 --> 42:17.200 one of our top 10 objectives is to 42:17.200 --> 42:19.320 improve joint training and exercises 42:19.330 --> 42:21.441 for the for the joint force . And the 42:21.441 --> 42:23.441 joint chairman really is working on 42:23.441 --> 42:25.663 that one . But there's also the foreign 42:25.663 --> 42:27.886 military sales because we know military 42:27.886 --> 42:30.108 cells build not just interoperability , 42:30.108 --> 42:32.219 but it also helps us build capacity . 42:32.219 --> 42:34.497 It also gives us the means to reinvest , 42:34.497 --> 42:37.310 and it builds relationships between 42:37.310 --> 42:40.050 militaries and armed forces . So , uh , 42:40.060 --> 42:42.116 they're typically two paths . You go 42:42.116 --> 42:44.338 for military cells or direct commercial 42:44.338 --> 42:46.504 sales . Both have pluses and minuses . 42:46.504 --> 42:48.838 But on the foreign military sales piece . 42:48.838 --> 42:50.949 And I talked a lot about this with my 42:50.949 --> 42:53.171 counterparts abroad , we recognize that 42:53.171 --> 42:55.393 we need to do better . We need to build 42:55.393 --> 42:57.504 export ability into our products . We 42:57.504 --> 42:59.449 need to improve release ability of 42:59.449 --> 43:01.780 technologies . We need to hasten the 43:01.780 --> 43:04.540 process by which foreign military sales 43:04.550 --> 43:07.020 are improved . We need to do all those 43:07.020 --> 43:08.964 other things . Otherwise , we risk 43:08.964 --> 43:11.131 seeding the market to the Russians and 43:11.131 --> 43:13.242 Chinese . And that's not good for all 43:13.242 --> 43:15.409 the opposite reasons . So we recognize 43:15.409 --> 43:17.520 that we're working hard on that . One 43:17.520 --> 43:19.631 of the things we've just part of that 43:19.631 --> 43:21.464 objective is what I call the FMs 43:21.464 --> 43:23.742 dashboard for military sales dashboard . 43:23.742 --> 43:26.760 So now I'm looking every quarter at the 43:26.760 --> 43:30.730 top 25% or so , uh , for military 43:30.730 --> 43:32.952 cells were think that we think are most 43:32.952 --> 43:35.119 important , most critical to advancing 43:35.119 --> 43:37.000 the N . D s and the capabilities 43:37.000 --> 43:39.111 capacity of our allies and partners . 43:39.400 --> 43:41.430 And that's just one example of how 43:41.430 --> 43:43.541 we're trying to implement the NDS and 43:43.541 --> 43:45.763 that particular objective because it is 43:45.763 --> 43:47.708 critical and again , it's not just 43:47.708 --> 43:49.486 about building their capability 43:49.486 --> 43:49.290 capacity , but It's the 43:49.300 --> 43:50.856 interoperability . It's the 43:50.856 --> 43:53.270 relationships that one door , one of 43:53.270 --> 43:54.937 the advantages that we have . 43:54.937 --> 43:56.937 Asymmetric advantage that we have , 43:57.000 --> 43:59.000 that the Russians and Chinese don't 43:59.000 --> 44:01.111 happens . We have allies , partners . 44:01.111 --> 44:03.500 You could probably name all of theirs 44:03.510 --> 44:06.610 on one hand . But we have dozens of 44:06.610 --> 44:09.320 allies and partners with shared values 44:09.320 --> 44:11.542 and shared interests and shared goals , 44:11.542 --> 44:13.764 and we are line of what's what needs to 44:13.764 --> 44:15.987 be done out there . We just need all of 44:15.987 --> 44:18.042 them to invest more of their defense 44:18.042 --> 44:20.042 and to build their own capability , 44:20.042 --> 44:23.200 capacity , so that when the time comes 44:23.210 --> 44:25.500 there with us in the fight , let me let 44:25.500 --> 44:27.900 me follow up on that because you 44:27.900 --> 44:30.710 clearly control some of the levers . 44:30.720 --> 44:32.910 When when it comes to FMs and 44:32.920 --> 44:34.920 commercial transactions , you don't 44:34.920 --> 44:37.110 control all of them . Um , what ? What 44:37.110 --> 44:39.221 are the types of reforms that would , 44:39.221 --> 44:41.277 you know , that would make your life 44:41.277 --> 44:43.332 easier ? And it would make it easier 44:43.332 --> 44:45.554 for us to work with our allies . Well , 44:45.554 --> 44:47.610 like I said , you gotta do it export 44:47.610 --> 44:47.490 ability up front . Otherwise you end up 44:47.500 --> 44:49.350 with a system that you know , 44:49.350 --> 44:51.572 eventually you're probably going export 44:51.572 --> 44:53.850 unless it's some really high end items . 44:53.850 --> 44:55.961 So you might as well think about that 44:55.961 --> 44:58.072 up front . And then number two is how 44:58.072 --> 45:00.406 do we get better ? Releasing technology . 45:00.406 --> 45:02.461 You know , the administration made a 45:02.461 --> 45:04.683 good move this this year with regard to 45:04.683 --> 45:06.517 U . A . V s and how we deal with 45:06.517 --> 45:08.794 unmanned aerial systems . Why was that ? 45:08.794 --> 45:10.794 Because we saw that other countries 45:10.794 --> 45:14.010 countries for not to start oh Thio gain 45:14.010 --> 45:16.066 greater market share . We want to in 45:16.066 --> 45:18.550 the market . Or we want Western , uh , 45:18.560 --> 45:20.449 countries to own the market , our 45:20.449 --> 45:22.504 allies and partners , not Russia and 45:22.504 --> 45:24.504 China . So export ability , working 45:24.504 --> 45:26.393 with the Congress in terms of the 45:26.393 --> 45:29.120 process by which we wait for military 45:29.120 --> 45:31.287 cells are reviewed , approved . That's 45:31.287 --> 45:33.453 a State Department led process . And I 45:33.453 --> 45:35.287 know Secretary Pompeo feels very 45:35.287 --> 45:37.660 strongly about that way . Agree on one 45:37.670 --> 45:40.120 s . So that's those just examples of 45:40.130 --> 45:42.241 what could happen again . I just came 45:42.241 --> 45:44.408 out of a of a minister defense meeting 45:44.408 --> 45:46.630 today . We discussed for military sales 45:46.630 --> 45:49.600 last week . I was in the North Africa , 45:49.610 --> 45:51.666 all three countries we discussed for 45:51.666 --> 45:53.850 military cells . I was in Kuwait , 45:53.860 --> 45:56.040 Qatar last week as well discussed for 45:56.040 --> 45:58.730 military sales . A country's recognized 45:58.730 --> 46:01.400 that way not only provide 46:02.480 --> 46:05.760 very high quality equipment , but the 46:05.770 --> 46:07.881 maintenance and everything comes with 46:07.881 --> 46:10.103 it , but also the relationship . That's 46:10.103 --> 46:12.159 the key thing . The relationship and 46:12.159 --> 46:14.326 interoperability it builds is critical 46:14.326 --> 46:16.381 we need . So we need to find ways to 46:16.381 --> 46:18.603 hasten the process while protecting the 46:18.603 --> 46:20.826 crown jewels , if you will , but hasten 46:20.826 --> 46:22.992 the process . We can continue to build 46:22.992 --> 46:25.103 those allies partners in your mention 46:25.103 --> 46:27.270 of export controls and loosened export 46:27.270 --> 46:27.090 controls . Resonates with the very 46:27.100 --> 46:29.510 first job I had in the Pentagon , uh , 46:29.520 --> 46:31.770 last millenniums on the missile 46:31.770 --> 46:33.659 technology control regime , and I 46:33.659 --> 46:35.881 understand why the MTCR guidelines were 46:35.881 --> 46:37.970 created to prevent the spread of 46:37.970 --> 46:41.450 nuclear capable systems . But earlier 46:41.460 --> 46:44.350 today's USSR nuclear capable . I worked 46:44.350 --> 46:47.060 on export controls for 20 some years as 46:47.060 --> 46:49.282 well , and it's , uh , you know , you . 46:49.282 --> 46:51.338 But I agree it's not necessarily you 46:51.338 --> 46:53.504 gotta know . You gotta optimize what ? 46:53.504 --> 46:55.671 Who can you share them with , when and 46:55.671 --> 46:57.727 how right some of our closest allies 46:57.727 --> 46:59.893 clearly rise to the top and others you 46:59.893 --> 47:01.893 could make adjustments on , then it 47:01.893 --> 47:04.116 depends on the situation at hand . So I 47:04.116 --> 47:06.338 think we just need to weigh , just need 47:06.338 --> 47:08.338 to take a on a pro , Checked asks . 47:08.338 --> 47:10.227 What are we trying to achieve and 47:10.227 --> 47:12.449 what's the quickest way and is just the 47:12.449 --> 47:14.282 technology . You know , we could 47:14.282 --> 47:16.504 release now or what you know . So there 47:16.504 --> 47:18.560 are different ways to approach , but 47:18.560 --> 47:20.782 you gotta take a We gotta put put it in 47:20.782 --> 47:22.949 the larger context of what's happening 47:22.949 --> 47:25.116 out there and not in its own . Silom . 47:25.116 --> 47:27.282 Well , Mr Secretary , I know your time 47:27.282 --> 47:29.449 is precious . Let me Let me just ask . 47:29.449 --> 47:32.800 You know , 11 more question . Um , Thio 47:32.810 --> 47:36.000 put this into context , which is Aziz 47:36.000 --> 47:38.111 said a few minutes and getting bigger 47:38.111 --> 47:39.667 copper . He has been , uh , 47:39.667 --> 47:41.611 implementing the N . D s . You did 47:41.611 --> 47:43.722 issue ah , report of how you're doing 47:43.722 --> 47:47.200 how the department's doing , um , put 47:47.200 --> 47:49.144 into this into context during your 47:49.144 --> 47:52.170 tenure , as as secretary . Where do you 47:52.170 --> 47:54.700 feel that ? You know , we've done the 47:54.700 --> 47:56.910 best or are doing the best as faras 47:56.920 --> 47:59.740 addressing , uh , top challenge posed 47:59.740 --> 48:02.580 by China and then , conversely , 48:03.070 --> 48:06.460 where where is the area ? Where not 48:06.460 --> 48:08.600 just regard China , disregard our 48:08.610 --> 48:10.888 regarding our defense strategy overall , 48:10.888 --> 48:13.160 but maybe hasn't gotten the attention 48:13.160 --> 48:16.250 that it probably deserves . So I think 48:16.260 --> 48:18.482 with regard to China , I think about it 48:18.482 --> 48:21.220 in two ways . One is that at the 48:21.230 --> 48:23.230 political or national level . It is 48:23.230 --> 48:25.690 clear that a consensus is forming , 48:26.170 --> 48:28.710 that China is behaving and acting in 48:28.710 --> 48:30.432 ways inimical to our long term 48:30.432 --> 48:33.280 interests . They're seeking to overturn 48:33.670 --> 48:35.781 the international rules based order . 48:35.781 --> 48:37.559 They expected norms if you were 48:37.559 --> 48:40.220 behavior . I cited a number of examples 48:40.230 --> 48:42.300 in my remarks . We know that really 48:42.300 --> 48:45.890 China aims Thio dominate , uh , Asia , 48:45.900 --> 48:48.390 if not at some point in time , uh , 48:48.400 --> 48:51.270 have outsized influence globally . So I 48:51.270 --> 48:53.160 think there is , ah consensus for 48:53.160 --> 48:57.020 bipartisan across the country 48:57.030 --> 48:59.252 that we need to deal with this threat . 48:59.252 --> 49:01.474 And we need this challenge when we need 49:01.474 --> 49:03.474 to address it and deal with these . 49:03.474 --> 49:05.419 Don't have done a number of things 49:05.419 --> 49:07.252 State Department , of all of the 49:07.252 --> 49:09.474 agencies that recognize doing it . It's 49:09.474 --> 49:09.410 become and needs to further become a 49:09.410 --> 49:11.970 whole of government approach to doing 49:11.970 --> 49:13.803 that . The NSC is not a good job 49:13.870 --> 49:15.870 organizing that whole of government 49:15.870 --> 49:18.420 approach , if you will . So to me , at 49:18.420 --> 49:20.587 the political level , that's important 49:20.587 --> 49:22.753 at the d o . D level , I will tell you 49:22.753 --> 49:24.864 again . I think we've made incredible 49:24.864 --> 49:27.110 progress over the past 15 16 months . 49:27.110 --> 49:29.230 I've been in the job . Another one of 49:29.230 --> 49:31.540 those top 10 items has been focused on 49:31.540 --> 49:34.020 department on China . So we have a 49:34.020 --> 49:36.570 China policy office now a Dashti for 49:36.570 --> 49:38.740 China . Uh , you know , I put out a 49:38.740 --> 49:40.629 directive that are we would start 49:40.629 --> 49:42.851 teaching more about China in our school 49:42.851 --> 49:44.684 house is not just a geopolitical 49:44.684 --> 49:46.850 strategic level , but down to , you 49:46.850 --> 49:49.500 know , our understanding China Chinese 49:49.500 --> 49:51.722 order about when things like that we're 49:51.722 --> 49:54.200 looking at issues such as how maney 49:54.570 --> 49:56.740 Chinese speakers we have in our armed 49:56.750 --> 49:59.300 forces . And do we need more ? Uh , 49:59.310 --> 50:02.730 we're looking at , uh I've talked about 50:02.730 --> 50:04.897 refining our war plans for operational 50:04.897 --> 50:07.360 plans were putting partners . I've 50:07.360 --> 50:09.730 traveled mawr to the end of pacific 50:09.730 --> 50:11.570 than anywhere on guy . Met with 50:11.570 --> 50:13.870 countries ranging from most recently 50:13.880 --> 50:17.660 Palau to New Guinea from the , you know , 50:17.660 --> 50:20.010 the Philippines . Thio Thailand , of 50:20.010 --> 50:21.954 course , are a longstanding allies 50:21.954 --> 50:24.050 Japan , Korea , Australia , but many 50:24.050 --> 50:26.770 others in between . And so we across 50:26.770 --> 50:28.881 the government have made reaching out 50:28.881 --> 50:31.048 and building those allies and partners 50:31.048 --> 50:33.214 of priority . And then again , even if 50:33.214 --> 50:35.381 the modernization , another one of our 50:35.381 --> 50:37.492 top 10 things were building systems , 50:37.492 --> 50:39.159 Uh , that certainly felt very 50:39.159 --> 50:41.103 exceptionally well , in the end of 50:41.103 --> 50:43.214 pacific , where you face , you know , 50:43.214 --> 50:45.270 extreme distances . So think about , 50:45.270 --> 50:47.270 you know , long range Christmases , 50:47.270 --> 50:49.326 ground based missiles , hypersonic . 50:49.326 --> 50:51.659 All those things you need going back to . 50:51.659 --> 50:53.659 What I said I e think is the future 50:53.659 --> 50:55.659 game changer . Long range precision 50:55.659 --> 50:57.770 weapons were making those investments 50:57.770 --> 50:59.881 now to ensure that we have over match 50:59.881 --> 51:01.881 in the future . The last question I 51:01.881 --> 51:01.490 think you said . So where do we need to 51:01.500 --> 51:03.840 do better way ? Need to keep pressing 51:03.840 --> 51:06.720 our allies and partners to recognize 51:06.720 --> 51:10.660 China for what it is way . We're making 51:10.670 --> 51:13.640 good progress last year , but I think 51:13.650 --> 51:16.330 China's behavior at the beginning and 51:16.330 --> 51:18.441 throughout this Kobe processes really 51:18.441 --> 51:20.680 awakened many other countries toe what 51:20.690 --> 51:23.390 China's malign intentions really are 51:23.400 --> 51:25.456 and their willingness to behave as a 51:25.456 --> 51:28.510 responsible country . Uh , in the 51:28.520 --> 51:30.742 quantum world , see . And so I think we 51:30.742 --> 51:32.964 need a further rally other countries to 51:32.964 --> 51:35.040 recognize China , what it is , what 51:35.040 --> 51:37.040 their intentions are , and not that 51:37.040 --> 51:39.207 we're seeking a conflict . But we need 51:39.207 --> 51:41.207 China to adapt its own policies and 51:41.207 --> 51:43.830 procedures . Their view of the future 51:43.840 --> 51:45.784 world order , if you will , is one 51:45.784 --> 51:47.950 based on on them on authoritarian 51:47.950 --> 51:50.310 regime that we repress his human rights , 51:50.310 --> 51:53.310 restricts religious freedom , limits 51:53.310 --> 51:55.450 the press , all those things we know 51:55.450 --> 51:58.720 well or we could fight and defend our 51:58.730 --> 52:00.952 own values . Interests that think about 52:00.952 --> 52:03.174 individual rights , freedom , liberty , 52:03.174 --> 52:05.720 opportunity , sovereignty , self 52:05.720 --> 52:07.831 determination , those things . That's 52:07.831 --> 52:09.887 what's at stake . And we need to get 52:09.887 --> 52:12.053 more of our allies and partners around 52:12.053 --> 52:14.276 the globe focused and rolling with us . 52:14.276 --> 52:18.230 Address China , Mr . 52:18.230 --> 52:20.230 Secretary . Thanks for joining us . 52:20.230 --> 52:22.230 You're always welcome to CSB . It's 52:22.230 --> 52:24.286 great . It's great to have you . And 52:24.286 --> 52:26.508 thanks to all of you who are joining us 52:26.508 --> 52:28.950 virtually for this for this session on 52:28.950 --> 52:31.210 did wherever you are on , if it's it's 52:31.210 --> 52:34.090 a typical , uh , CSP a webinar . You're 52:34.090 --> 52:36.201 all the way from , you know , from 11 52:36.201 --> 52:38.423 part of the globe to the other . I wish 52:38.423 --> 52:40.340 you wish you all the best . Good 52:40.350 --> 52:42.350 afternoon . Good evening . Probably 52:42.350 --> 52:44.461 been good morning for some of these . 52:44.461 --> 52:44.590 Take care . Thank you .